Extra Flashcards
Characteristics of negroid skull
- Persistent frontal suture.
- Dolicocephaly (increased antro-posterior diameter of the skull).
- Flat nasal bridge.
- Wide nasal openings.
- Less arched palate (prognathism).
- Short mastoids.
- The pterion (area of union of frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones) is one point or X shaped. In non Negroid it is H shaped.
Male vs female hip
This is male pelivs
Central hole happens at what distance
2-3 m
Anterior frontanel closes at
18 months
This shows
2nd degree burn of the hand
This shows
1st degree burn of the hand
Showing: non rifled cartridge, brass outer case (Ghaffir), loaded not fired (intact percussion cap)
Showing: non rifled cartridge, outer case is made of cardboard with brass base (sporting) and loaded not fired. (Intact
percussion cap).The caliber=12
Figure (68): Showing: non rifled cartridge, outer case is made of plastic with brass base (sporting) and non-loaded fired (Depression in
percussion cap). The caliber= 12
Figure (69): Showing: long rifled cartridge (service rifle), automatic (groove), loaded and non-fired (intact percussion cap) and the bullet is
jacketed with copper.
Figure (70): Showing: short rifled cartridge, automatic (groove) i.e. that of automatic pistol, loaded, non-fired (intact percussion cap) and the
bullet is jacketed with nickel (A) copper (B).
Figure (71): Showing: long rifled cartridge case (service rifle), non- automatic (rim: figure A) and automatic (groove: figure B) non-loaded
and fired (depression in the percussion cap).
Showing: long & short fired Bullet (rifling marks) which is jacketed with copper.
Left is external wad: keep shots in place, determine travel distance of 3 meter
Right is internal wad: Acting as a piston to push shots in front of it.
Separation between gun powder and shots.
Determination of distance of firing as it travels a distance of 10 meters causing circular abrasion & penetrates up to 3 meter.
Smokeless gun powder
a) Cordite
b) Scales
c) Rods
d) Amphorus
Showing acute tear of the posterior part of the vestibule after recent sexual assault.
Datura capsule
Atropine, hyoscyamine & hyoscine
Colocynth capsule
● Active principle: Colocynthin
● Action: Drastic purgative and abortificient
Castor oil seeds
● Active p.: Castor oil & ricin.
● Action: Drastic purgative & abortificient and ricin causes hemolysis of RBCs.
Strychnous nux vomica seeds
● Active principle: Strychnine & brucine
● Action: Convulsant & CNS stimulant.
Croton oil seeds
Active principle: Croton oil.
Action: Drastic purgative & abortificient
- Colocynth seeds
● Active principle: Colocynthin
● Action: Drastic purgative & abortificient.
1- Datura stramonium: Atropine, hyoscyamine & hyoscine.
DD: Sesame seed, eggplant seeds, capsicum seeds
Datura fastiosa:
Atropine, scopolamine & hyoscine.
DD: pepper and onion seeds
● Aluminum phosphide tablets.
● Mechanism of Action: liberation of phosphine gas.
● Main organs affected: Heart, Liver and Lung
● Opium capsule.
● Active principles: morphine, codeine and papaverine
Methamphetamine crystals ( Crystal meth or ice
● Method of consumption: smoking.
● Complications: dental caries one of the most common complications.
● Khat.
● Active principle: cathinone.
● Effect: hallucinogenic.
● LSD)lysergic acid diethylamide(.
● Effect: Hallucinogenic (psychedelics).
● Ecstasy (club drug).
● Active constituent:methylene-deoxymeth-amphtamine MDMA.
● Sympathomimetic.
● Toxicity is associated with serotonin syndrome.
Peyote cactus.
● Active principle: Mescaline.
● Effect: psychedelics.
Atropa belladonna (deadly night shades): active principles can be taken from all parts of the plants.
● Digitalis purpura plant.
● Active principle: digoxin.
● Effect: cardiotoxicity.
Magic mushrooms
● Amanita Muscaria.
● Deadly poisonous fungus.
● Active principle: muscarine.
1- Cotton fibers: ribbon-shaped wavy and colorless.
2- Linen fibers: Jointed, Segmented fibers
3- Silk fibers: Regular, shiny, refractile, straight and colored.
4-Wool fibers: Irregular fibers with imbricated surface, irregular edges and wide medulla.
3-Rounded hair tip: the hair was cut few days ago.
4-Tapered hair tip: was cut more than two weeks ago.
1- Human hair:
● Cuticle: Regular and formed of one layer of cells with no scales.
● Cortex: Broad without transverse striations (2/3 thickness of hair).
● Medulla: Thin, interrupted (a) and equals 1/3 the thickness of hair and it may be absent (b).
2- Animal hair
● Cuticle: Irregular and formed of more than one layer of cells with scales.
● Cortex: Narrow with transverse striations (1/3 thickness of hair)
● Medulla: Thick, continuous and equals 2/3 the thickness of hair.
Healthy hair root (pulled by force):
The root is rounded and healthy with interrupted sheath denoting that the hair is pulled by force and hence application of violence or resistance
II. Degenerated atrophied hair root: The root is shrunken and atrophied with absent sheath denoting that the hair is fallen by itself.
Normal blood pH
7.35-7.34
Normal blood PCO2
alkalotic (below) 35-45 acidic (above)
Normal HCO3
acidic (below) 22-26 alkalotic (above)
Teeth
Hyoid bone
Sternum 2
Ossification in upper limb ages (5)
1-The upper end of the humerus 1st year
2-The lower end of radius 2nd year.
3-The upper end of the radius 6th year.
4-The lower end of the radius, O.C. reaches 2/3rd breadth at 7 years.
5-The upper end of the ulna 12th year.
UNION of Epiphysis in Skull (4)
- Frontal suture closes at 2 years.
- Sagittal suture closes at 30 years
- Coronal suture closes at 40 years.
- Lambdoid suture closes at 50 years.
UNION of Epiphysis in hip bone (4)
Pubic ramus unites with ischial ramus (hip bone) at 6
Y shaped suture at 15
The ischial tuberosity unites with the ischium (hip hone)
The iliac crest unites with the ilium (hip hone)
UNION of Epiphysis in upper limb (7)
Trochlea and capitulum with humeral shaft at 15
Lateral epicondyle of humerus with the shaft and Upper end of ulna with the shaft at 16
Medial epicondyle of humerus with the shaft and Upper end of radius with the shaft at 17
Distal ends of metacarpal and phalanges with their shafts and Distal ends of metatarsal and phalanges with their shafts at 18
Head of humerus with the shaft and Lower ends of radius and ulna with their shafts at 20
Surgical neck at 30
Anatomical neck at 33
Epiphyseal unions in lower limb (4)
Lesser trochanter of femur with the shaft at 16
Greater trochanter of femur with the shaft at 17
Head of femur with the shaft and Distal ends of tibia and fibula with their shafts 18
Distal end of femur with the shaft and Upper ends of tibia and fibula with their shafts at 21
Ventricular fibrillation
Caused by amphetamine, cocaine, atropine, TCA, antihistamines and theophyline
Ventricular tachycardia with wide QRS
Aspirin
Paracetamol
Methanol
Theophylline
Aspirin
Aspirin
Paracetamol
Methanol
Theophylline
Paracetamol
The abnormality in the given ABG is:
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
The following drug may cause this abnormality
Methanol
Cocaine
Salicylate
Morphine
Salicylate
The abnormality in the given ABG is:
Metabolic acidosis,
Respiratory alkalosis,
Metabolic alkalosis,
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis,
The following drugs and toxins may cause this abnormality except:
Salicylate
Amphetamine,
Morphine
Phenol
Morphine
The following abnormality in the given ABG is:
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
The following drugs may cause this abnormality except:
Sodium bicarbonate
Salicylate
Acute iron toxicity
Ethanol
Sodium bicarbonate
