extIPA Flashcards
Fricative, lateral + median
Atypical manner of articulation. Air escapes both centrally & laterally instead of one or the other. So far only found in alveolars.
Fricative, nareal
Atypical manner of articulation. An otherwise nasal stop co-occurs with forcible air ejection at the nares.
Percussives
Atypical manner of articulation. Formed by the striking of one rigid articulator against another. Most commonly dental, but also bilabial, and it’s questionable whether sound is produced by pulmonic airstream or by striking articulators. (dental, bilabial in pic)
Dentolabial
Atypical place of articulation. AKA reverse labiodental. Top lip meets bottom teeth.
Labioalveolar
Atypical place of articulation. Only possible w/ gross underbite. Lower lip meets alveolar ridge.
Linguolabial
(Usually) atypical place of articulation. Tongue tip meets upper lip.
Interdental
Atypical place of articulation. Noticeable tongue-tip protrusion in the production of apical consonants.
Bidental
Atypical place of articulation. Found w/ percussives. Voiceless/voiced bidental fricatives also found, where air is forced thorough clenched teeth.
Velopharyngeal
Atypical place of articulation. Air is forced through a constricted velopharyngeal port.
Labial spreading (diacritic)
Absence of expected lip rounding or unusual spread lip articulations.
Alveolar (diacritic)
Shows unexpected alveolar place for slit fricatives.
Strong/weak articulation (diacritics)
(pic: strong, weak)
Reiterated articulation (diacritic)
Stuttering.
Whistled fricatives (diacritic)
Sliding articulation (diacritic)
Rapid movement from one place to another in the slot of a single segment.
Denasal (diacritic)
Segments with expected nasal airflow that are oral only (hyponasal).
Ingressive/egressive airflow (diacritic)
Marks unexpected airflow direction. (pic: ingressive, reverse click [egressive])
