Extinction

Question 1

What are the different types of extinction?

Answer 1

Extinct
Exinct in the wild
Extirpation
Ecologically Extinct

Question 2

When did marine animals arise?

Answer 2

600MYA in paleozoic era, diversifying for 150million years after, constant 400 families for 200million years, then decline to 200

Question 3

What initiated 6th mass exintction?

Answer 3

Megafauna extinction and domesticated animals/crops

Question 4

Extinction rates since 1600

Answer 4

1.6% of all mammal species and 1.3% of all bird species,

Question 5

How have extinction rates risen?

Answer 5

1500-1725, 0-5 species went extinct every 25, ocmpared to 1 after 1850.

Question 6

Extinction Debt

Answer 6

Measures species that will go extinct in following decades, 95 of all Madagascar species

Question 7

How can natural extinction rate be estimated?

Answer 7

Fossil record individual species last 1 to 10 million year before extinction, since 10 million species today, 1 to 10 worlds species are lost per year, with 0.0001% extinction rate

Question 8

What is current observed species extinction rate?

Answer 8

1% per centurry, 0.01% a pyear

Question 9

Why are islands susceptible to extinctio?

Answer 9

Limited area, small populations, number of population

Question 10

Why does predator introduction affect islands?

Answer 10

Evolution with predators, competitors and diseases

Question 11

What is an example of island extinction?

Answer 11

Stephen Island Wren all killed by a single cat

Question 12

Island Biogeography Model

Answer 12

Can be used to estimate extinction rates explaining species-area relationship

Question 13

Species Area Relationship

Answer 13

Larger areas have greater species due to mroe habitats/climate

Question 14

What is SAR given as?

Answer 14

S = CA^Z - S, a being area and Z and C being constants

Question 15

What does C and Z depend on?

Answer 15

Environment nad species being compared

Question 16

How does Z relate?

Answer 16

Restricted range have Z of 0.35 whilst widespread 0.15

Question 17

What does species number on an island match?

Answer 17

Equilibrium between number of extinctions and number of immigratiosn

Question 18

What CAN IBM describe?

Answer 18

Number of species extinct if portion of habitats is destroyed

Question 19

What does 50% of loss of island habitat result in?

Answer 19

10% species loss with endemic extinction, and 99% of habitat destsrictuion removing 75% of species

Question 20

What does IBM say of tropical forests?

Answer 20

1% of rainforests destroyed, 0.2/0.3% extinct, being 125 species in 10 years

Question 21

What assumptions/generalizations does IBM make?

Answer 21

Based on typical species-area curve
Assumes all andemic species go extinct(some might colonise)
Assumes random habitats destruction without conservation sites
Extinction rates depend on fragmentation not accounted for