external factors - material/cultural deprivation Flashcards
what were external factors used to explain
explained as a response to biological (eg iq) explanations and account to class differences for educational achievements
what is material deprivation and who came up with it
douglas - lacking basic necessities due to poverty
why are w/c more likely to experience material deprivation than m/c
w/c have lower incomes than m/c
douglas found a lack of educational resources, poor diet and unsatisfactory housing lowered school performance
what does recent evidence show about w/c attitude to debt
callender and jackson 2005: w/c less likely to apply to university due to being debt averse
more likely to drop out of university due to debt
national audit office in 2002 found that w/c students spent twice as much time in paid work to reduce debt
what is cultural deprivation and who are involved
inadequate socialisation in the home
douglas - 1964
sugarman 1970
cd: what did douglas suggest about gratification
w/c home was deficient as they encouraged immediate gratification (seeking pleasure now rather than working hard for it later) while the middle class encouraged deferred gratification
cd: what did douglas suggest about w/c attitudes to education
douglas suggested w/c parents placed less value on their child’s education
they were less ambitious and encouraging towards their children’s education
eg less likely to attend parents evening and stimulate their children’s educational development by reading to them
what did sugarman suggest about w/c attitudes towards education
w/c are more likely to have certain values that lead to lower educational achievement
fatalism - believing in fate and that nothing can be done to change your status
present time orientation - believing the future is not as important as the present so making no future plans
collectivism - valuing friends more than education
who are the main figures involved in w/c attitudes about language
bernstein 1973
hubbs tait et al 2002
what did bernstein suggest when it came to language
that w/c underachieve because they are socialised into a restricted language code like poor grammar and poor vocab
while the educationcal system favoured elaborated code like wide grammar and analytical language used by the m/c
what did hubbs tait el al suggest when it came to language
when parents used language that challenges children to evaluate their own understanding their cognitive performance improves, educated m/c more likely to use this
economic capital: what did bourdieu suggest
bourdieu claims economic capital ensures the middle class can buy educational success
e.g they can send children to private schools or move into catchment areas with good state schools
what is social capital: bourdieu
bourdieu suggests social capital is who you know, eg for work experience opportunities etc
what is cultural capital as suggested by bourdieu (marxist)
middle class students outperform working class students due to having cultural capital - desired knowledge, language, tastes gained through trips to museums etc -
more likely to develop intellectual interests
cultural capital according to feinstein
middle class parents tend to be better educated and therefore gain an advantage due to factors such as parenting style, parents, parents educational behaviours etc
