External factors and ethnic differences in achievement Flashcards
What do cultural deprivation theorists argue about intellectual and linguistic skills?
They see the lack of these skills as a major cause of underachievement for many minority children.
What do Berreiter and Engelmann believe about the language spoken by low-income black families?
They consider it inadequate for educational success, viewing it as ungrammatical and incapable of expressing abstract ideas.
What do official statistics show about children who do not speak English at home?
They indicate that this is not a major factor in educational achievement, with only a 3.2 point difference in GCSE results.
What do Gillborn and Mirza note about Indian pupils and English language?
They perform well academically despite often not having English as their home language.
What do cultural deprivation theorists say about attitudes and values?
They argue that a lack of motivation is a major cause of failure for many black children.
What is Sewell’s view on Indian and Chinese pupils?
He believes they benefit from supportive families that have an ‘Asian work ethic’ and place a high value on education.
What does Ruth Lupton argue about adult authority in Asian families?
She argues it is similar to the model in schools, leading to better behaviour and support for school policies.
What does Geoffrey Driver criticize about cultural deprivation theory?
He argues it ignores the positive effects of ethnicity on achievement, highlighting strong role models in black Caribbean families.
What is Errol Lawrence’s challenge to Pryce’s view on black pupils?
He argues that underachievement is due to racism, not low self-esteem.
What does Keddie argue about cultural deprivation?
She sees it as a victim-blaming explanation, asserting that ethnic minority children are culturally different, not deprived.
What do material deprivation explanations focus on?
They see educational failure as resulting from factors like substandard housing and low income.
What statistics does Guy Palmer provide about ethnic minority children?
Almost half live in low-income households, compared to a quarter of white children.
What are some reasons ethnic minorities may face material deprivation?
They may live in economically depressed areas, face cultural barriers such as such as the tradition of purdah in some Muslim households, which prevents women from working outside the home, lack language skills, or experience racial discrimination.
How do class differences affect educational outcomes for Pakistani pupils?
Material deprivation explains why they tend to do worse than Indian and white pupils.
What is notable about Indian and Chinese pupils who are materially deprived?
They still perform well academically, with a high percentage achieving five or more higher GCSEs.
For example, in 2011, 86% of Chinese girls who received free school meals achieved five or more higher GCSEs compared with 65% of white girls who were not receiving free school meals.
