External Factors Affecting Achievement

Question 1

Cultural deprivation

Answer 1

• people don’t have norms and values needed to be successful in society

Question 2

Language

Answer 2

• an essential part of the process of education
• way in which parents communicate with their children affects their intellectual development and ability to benefit from school
• educated parents are more likely to challenge their children to evaluate their own understanding/abilities

Question 3

Bernstein

Answer 3

• restricted and elaborated code

* the problem might not have anything to do with the language itself but with schools negative attitudes towards it

Question 4

Parents education

Answer 4

• attitudes towards education are a key factor in affecting child’s achievement
• working class parents place less value on education so we’re less ambitious for their children and have them less encouragement

Question 5

Working class subculture

Answer 5

• lack of parental interest in their children’s education reflects the subculture values of the working class
• large sections of working class have different goals and values from the rest of society and this is why their children underachieve

Question 6

Sugarman

Answer 6

• fatalism- belief in fate and there’s nothing you can do to change status
• collectivism- valuing being part of the group more than succeeding as individuals
• immediate gratification- seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices to benefit you in the future
• present time orientation- seeing the present as more important than the future and so not having long-term goals or plans

Question 7

Compensatory education

Answer 7

• aim to tackle the issue of cultural deprivation by giving extra resources to schools and communities to deprived areas
• intervene in early socialisation process to compensate children for deprivation they experience at home
• sure start centres