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Physics > Extension > Flashcards

Extension Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an X ray

A

A high energy em wave that gets absorbed by dense materials

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2
Q

What are ultrasound scans used for

A

Breaking kidney stones
Pre-natal scanning
Measuring speed of blood flow

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3
Q

What is radiation

A

Energy from a source

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4
Q

What affects intensity of radiation

A

Distance and what it passes through

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5
Q

What is refraction

A

A change in direction and speed

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6
Q

What do converging lenses do

A

Make parallel rays bend towards the focal point

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7
Q

What type of image does a diverging lens make

A

Virtual

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8
Q

How do your correct short sight

A

Diverging lenses

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9
Q

How do you correct long sight

A

Converging lens

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10
Q

What is smells law

A

N = sin(angle of incidence) / sin(angle of refraction)

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11
Q

What is total internal reflection

A

Angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle all light is internally reflected

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12
Q

In optical fibres why must it be narrow

A

To keep angles above critical angle

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13
Q

Equation of kinetic energy

A

Electronic charge x accelerating potential difference

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14
Q

Why are x rays dangerous

A

Ionise loving cells

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15
Q

What is the inverse square relationship

A

If you move twice as far from the source it is spread 4 times the area

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16
Q

What is a fluoroscope

A

A device that uses X rays and a fluorescent screen to obtain moving pictures of the inside of the body

17
Q

What happens when the heart beats

A

An action potential passes through the atria making them contact, soon after another passes through the ventricles making them contract

18
Q

What records action potentials

A

Electrocardiograph

19
Q

Equation for heart rate

A

Frequency (Hz) = 1 / time period

20
Q

What does a pacemaker do

A

Keeps the heart beating steadily using small electrical impulses to stimulate the heart beat

21
Q

What does a pulse oximetry do

A

Measures the amount of oxygen carried by haemoglobin in the blood

22
Q

How does a pulse oximeter

A

Has a transmitter which emits two beams of red light and a photo detected to measure light
As the beams pass through some of the light is absorbed by the blood reducing the amount of light seen by the detector

23
Q

What is alpha

A

Helium nucleus
Slow and heavy
Strongly ionising

24
Q

What is beta

A

An electron
Light and fast
Moderately ionising

25
Q

What is gamma

A

Em radiation
No mass
Weak

26
Q

What will make a nucleus unstable

A

Too many neutrons
Too few neutrons
Too much energy

27
Q

What is unstable about a nucleus above the curve

A

Too many neutrons

28
Q

What happens when there are too many neutrons

A

Beta minus decay

Protons number increase by one

29
Q

What happens when there are to few neutrons

A

Beta plus decay

Protons number decreases by one

30
Q

What happens when there is too much energy in a nucleus

A

Gamma radiation emitted

31
Q

Charge of an up quark

A

2/3

32
Q

Relative mass of an up quark

A

1/3

33
Q

Relative charge of a down quark

A

-1/3

34
Q

Relative mass of a down quark

A

1/3

35
Q

What makes a good tracer

A

Beta and gamma

Short half life

36
Q

How do PET scans diagnose illness

A

Given glucose with a positron emitting isotope

Where there is a cancer cell the glucose is used faster causing annihilation which is seen by the scanner

37
Q

What is internal radiation therapy

A

Radioactive material is placed near the tumour which gives a high dose to a small part of the body

38
Q

How does external radiation therapy work

A

Gamma rays carefully focused at the tumour but damage can be done to healthy cells but has many side effects

Physics (3 decks)

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