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1
Q

How can an insulated be charged by friction

A

Through charge of electrons

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2
Q

Is a material that is gaining electrons becoming positively or negatively charged

A

Negative

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3
Q

Examples of electrostatic phenomena in terms of movement of electrons

A

Balloon and wall
Shocks
Lightning

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4
Q

What is earthing

A

To connect something to the earth, so that any electrostatic charge can flow away

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5
Q

Uses of electrostatic charges

A

Spray paint

Insecticide sprayers

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6
Q

What is current in metals

A

Flow of electrons

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7
Q

What is the equation for Charge (coulomb)

A

Current (A) X time (s)

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8
Q

What type of current are cells and batteries

A

Direct Current

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9
Q

What is the equation for potential difference

A

Current(A) X resistance (ohm)

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10
Q

What is a filament lamp

A

Hotter means more resistance

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11
Q

What is a light dependant resistor

A

Lighter means less resistance

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12
Q

What are thermistors

A

Colder higher resistance

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13
Q

Advantages of heating effect of an electric current

A

Electric fires

Kettles

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14
Q

Disadvantages of heating effect of an electric current

A

This energy is wasted

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15
Q

What is displacement

A

The straight line from start to finish

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16
Q

What is velocity

A

How quickly an object is moving in a certain direction

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17
Q

On a distance time graph what is the gradient

A

Speed

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18
Q

What is the equation for speed

A

Distance (M) / time (S)

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19
Q

What is a vector quantity

A

Quantity that has both size and direction

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20
Q

In a velocity time graph what is the area

A

Distance

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21
Q

What is a reaction force

A

An equal and opposite reaction of something

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22
Q

What is the force that pushes a plane up

A

Lift

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23
Q

If the resultant force on something is 0 what happens to the movement of the object

A

Does not change

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24
Q

What is terminal velocity

A

A maximum velocity reached by a falling object, when weight is equal to air resistance

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25
Q

What is weight

A

Measure of the pull of gravity on an object

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26
Q

What is the gravitational field strength on earth

A

10N/Kg

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27
Q

In a vacuum what do all falling bodies do

A

Accelerate at the same rate

28
Q

What is the total stopping distance

A

Thinking distance + braking distance

29
Q

What can affect thinking distance

A

Drivers reaction times

30
Q

What affects the braking distance

A 
Mass of vehicle 
Speed of vehicle
State of brakes
State of road
Amount of friction between tyre and road
31
Q

What is linear momentum conversation

A

When an object collides with another object the total momentum stays the same

32
Q

What do crumple zones do

A

When there is a crash these food in a certain way to reduce momentum

33
Q

What does a seatbelt do

A

Reduces rate and changes momentum of the passenger

34
Q

What is work

A

When energy is transferred from one form to another, measured in J

35
Q

What is power

A

Rate of work, measured in W

36
Q

What is an isotope

A

Atoms of an element with a different number of neutrons

37
Q

What is the atomic number for an atom

A

Number of protons, appears below the symbol on the periodic table

38
Q

What is the Mass number of an atom

A

Protons +neutrons

39
Q

What are alpha particles stopped by

40
Q

What are beta particles stopped by

41
Q

What are gamma rays stopped by

42
Q

What does the fission of U - 235 make

A

Barium - 141

Krypton - 92

43
Q

What is nuclear fusion

A

Small nuclei make big nuclei

44
Q

How many neutrons are released in nuclear fission

45
Q

What do control rods do

A

Contains elements that absorb neutrons

46
Q

What do moderators do

A

Slow down neutrons

47
Q

What fusion occurs when stars are formed

A

Hydrogen nuclei form helium

48
Q

Why can’t we create ideal conditions for fusion on earth

A

can’t create a strong enough gravitational field

49
Q

What damage can ionising radiation cause

A

Tissue damage and mutations

50
Q

How to prevent damage from ionising radiation

A

Protective cloths

Stay away from it

51
Q

How long does High Level Waste (HLW) produce large amounts of ionising radiation for

52
Q

How is HLW transported

A

Thick concrete and steel containers

53
Q

How is ILW stored

A

Concrete and steel containers

54
Q

How is LLW disposed of

A

Buried in special land fill cites

55
Q

How long is LLW radioactive for

A

Tens of thousands of years

56
Q

Problems of firing nuclear waste into space

A

Could fall back to earth, spreading radioactive material over a large are

57
Q

Problems of dumping barrels on nuclear waste in the sea

A

Could corrode and radioactive materials could enter the food chain

58
Q

Problems of storing nuclear waste underground

A

Site needs to be geographically stable, low risk of earthquakes

59
Q

What is half life

A

How long it takes for half of the unstable nuclei to decay

60
Q

What unit is the activity of a radioactive isotope measured

61
Q

What is a GM tube

A

Gives a click each time radiation is detected

62
Q

What is the click rate of a GM tube

A

Number of clicks per second or minute

63
Q

Examples of background radiation

A 
Radon gas
Food
Drink
Rocks
Cosmic rays
64
Q

How do you irradiate food

A

Use gamma rays to kill bacteria

65
Q

How do you sterilise equipment

A

Use gamma rays to kill bacteria

66
Q

How do you diagnose cancer

A

Inject a gamma tracer and can be seen through a gamma camera

67
Q

How do you kill cancer cells

A

Fire gamma rays at it

Physics (3 decks)

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