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Physics Mistakes in Papers > Extended > Flashcards

Extended Flashcards

1
Q

What is that measuring tool thing called that you turn?

A

Vernier scale
Micrometer
Screw gauge

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2
Q

What is the scale on the spinning bit of the vernier scale?

A

10 on the spinning bit = 0.1mm

1 on the spinning bit = 0.01mm

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3
Q

When doing equations, time is always recorded in…

A

Seconds

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4
Q

In a thermocouple the 2 wires touching the surface are made of…

A

Different materials. The 2nd wire has a wire the same material as wire 1 between it and the thermocouple

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5
Q

What do thermocouples measure with?

A

Milli/voltmeter

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6
Q

Which way does charge go in beta ray?

A

Into source, opposite to the flow of electrons

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7
Q

Which way does charge go in alpha ray?

A

Same way as ray direction

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8
Q

State the nature of gamma rays

A

Electromagnetic

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9
Q

What happens to current through a resistor when the other resistor’s resistance decrease?

A

Current in whole circuit increases, which means current through resistor increases

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10
Q

What’s focal length?

A

Middle of lens to focal point

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11
Q

Wave speed equation?

A

Velocity = frequency x wavelength

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12
Q

Equation for specific heat capacity

A

E = mass x shc x change in temperature

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13
Q

State two ways in which the molecular structure in a liquid is different to that of a solid?

A

Molecules are not in fixed positions
AND
Have a random arrangement

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14
Q

Energy change when converting food into body temperature?

A

Chemical to thermal

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15
Q

Pressure in water

A

Pressure = depth x density x 10(gravity)

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16
Q

What could cause SHC to be too high?

A

Too low a change in temperature because of: poor insulation, or inefficient heater

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17
Q

What converts can current to dc?

A

Rectifier

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18
Q

Describe the difference in attractive forces between gas and solids

A

Attractive forces in gases are less than solids. This means that gas molecules are further apart than in solids

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19
Q

What is stored in the battery of a cellphone?

A

Energy

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20
Q

Name the process that causes a potential difference across a solenoid due to the movement of a nearby magnet

A

Electromagnetic induction

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21
Q

3 physical properties that can be used to measure temperature

A

Expansion of a liquid
Voltage of a thermocouple
Pressure of a gas

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22
Q

Working out power from force and distance

A

Energy (work done) = force x distance

Power = energy/time

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23
Q

Describe motion of molecules in a gas

A

Move randomly, at a range of speeds, collide with each other

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24
Q

Explain, in terms of molecules, what happens when temperature increases

A

Molecules have more energy and move quicker. The molecules collide with each other with a greater frequency

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25
Q

Speed of sound in gas

A

300 m/s

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26
Q

Speed of sound in solid

A

3000 m/s

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27
Q

What connects to the coil in a motor/generator

A

Slip rings and brushes

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28
Q

What stops gamma?

A

2cm of lead

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29
Q

What sort of current is produced after going through a transformer?

A

A.C of the same frequency

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30
Q

An increase in the temperature of the gas increases the pressure because…

A

The speed of the molecules increases

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31
Q

Why do things cool to the same temperature?

A

Conduction happens and thermal energy is transferred until the temperature is equal

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32
Q

What is the energy change when someone cycles up a hill?

A

Chemical energy to gravitational potential energy

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33
Q

Why is something not in equilibrium?

A

There is a resultant force and a resultant moment

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34
Q

Three man made devices that use the principle of moments?

A

Seesaw, doors, spanners

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35
Q

What’s the value of air resistance at terminal velocity?

A

Mass x 10

36
Q

Why does sweating cool the body?

A

The particles that evaporate are the ones with the most energy
When they leave the temperature of the sweat decreases
Thermal energy is transferred from the body to the sweat; cooling the body

37
Q

Define pressure

A

Force/area

38
Q

Explain how a gas exerts pressure on the walls of a container

A

Molecules collide with the sides of the walls. This collision exerts force on the wall. This force divided by the area it occurs on equals pressure.

39
Q

What does virtual mean?

A

The image is virtual because it cannot be seen on a screen

40
Q

What happens when wavelength (but not speed) decreases?

A

Frequency increases

41
Q

What does ionisation mean

A

Giving the gas molecules a charge by adding or removing electrons from the molecules

42
Q

What conclusions can we make about a nucleus because it deflects an alpha ray?

A

The nucleus is very small compared to the rest of the atom BUT contains most of the mass

43
Q

What is the height in mgh?

A

Height change of the centre of mass

44
Q

What has the same value through two resistors when connected in series?

A

Current

45
Q

What has the same value through two resistors when connected in parallel?

A

Voltage

46
Q

Circle with arrow for relay circuits

A

Transistor

47
Q

Suitable detector for radiation

A

Geiger

48
Q

How to un charge something

A

Earth it
Unearth it
Move the other charged object away

49
Q

One pendulum swing

A

From one side to the other and back again

50
Q

What’s in the top of the barometer tube?

A

Vacuum

51
Q

Why might atmospheric pressure be different?

A

Abnormal weather conditions

52
Q

What does change of pressure cause?

A

Change of volume

53
Q

What properties must a liquid have in a thermometer?

A

Expands uniformly

Expands more than glass

54
Q

How to make a thermometer more sensitive?

A

Make capillary tube narrower

Make bulb larger

55
Q

Why must glass in a thermometer be thin?

A

Faster flow of heat alcohol, allowing a faster response to temperature change

56
Q

What happens to compressions if a wave has a higher frequency?

A

Compressions are closer together

57
Q

What happens to layers of air at compressions when amplitude increases?

A

Layers become closer together

58
Q

What happens to layers of air at rarefractions when amplitude increases?

A

Layers of air get further apart

59
Q

Equation linking speed and refractive index

A

Refractive index = velocity in air (or vacuum) / velocity in glass

60
Q

Equation linking angles of incidence, refraction and refractive index

A

Refractive index = sin angle of incidence / sin angle of refraction

61
Q

How to make electromagnet induction more effective?

A

More powerful magnet
More coils in solenoid
Move magnet faster

62
Q

What’s the point of the heater in a cathode-ray oscilloscope?

A

Heat the cathode

63
Q

What’s the point of the cathode in a cathode-ray oscilloscope?

A

Emit electrons

64
Q

What’s the point of the anode in a cathode-ray oscilloscope?

A

To attract the electrons, ensuring that a straight beam of electrons is produced

65
Q

Describe how plates are used to bring about deflection

A

Potential difference across plates

66
Q

Why does proton number increase by one during beta decay?

A

Neutron changes to proton

67
Q

What stays the same during beta decay?

A

Atomic mass

68
Q

How to increase speed of rotation of a coil in motor effect

A 
More turns on coil
More current
Iron core in coil
Higher voltage through coil
Stronger magnet
69
Q

How is energy lost from a transformer?

A

Heat from either coil

Sound from core

70
Q

How does a transformer work (4 points)

A

The primary coil forms an electromagnet. The electromagnet switches poles because of the ac current. This changing magnetic field induces a current in the secondary coil. Fewer coils in secondary means the emu induced is smaller than the voltage in the primary coil.

71
Q

Sound waves are longitudinal and…

A

Mechanical

72
Q

Light waves are transverse and…

A

Electromagnetic

73
Q

If an object is travelling at 70 m/s how many metres does it travel in 1 second?

A

70 metres

74
Q

Why might specific heat capacity be too low?

A

Energy lost to surroundings

Rate of heating lower

75
Q

How to give accurate results in specific heat capacity

A

Insulate experiment
Get heater up to temperature before inserting heater
Same starting temperature

76
Q

What is meant by total internal reflection? (4)

A

incident ray in (more) dense medium
angle of incidence greater than critical angle
no light refracted
Angle of reflection to angle of incidence

77
Q

7 electromagnetic waves

A

Gamma, x, infrared, radio, micro, visible, UV

78
Q

What happens when an unevenly charged object is earthed, with the charged rod still nearby?

A

Negative part stays negative

Positive charge neutralised by electrons flowing up from the earth

79
Q

Why do detectors detect radiation when there is no source?

A

Background radiation from soil and medical equipment

Different at different times

80
Q

Why is gamma radiation not deflected by magnetic fields?

A

Electromagnetic radiation with no charge

81
Q

Difference between deflection of alpha and beta radiation

A

Beta is deflected more than alpha because beta is much smaller than alpha

82
Q

What electrical quantity does voltage represent

A

Potential difference

83
Q

What electrical quantity does hz represent

A

Frequency

84
Q

What electrical quantity do kW represent

A

Power

85
Q

What must be earth?

A

Outside of product

86
Q

Is surface area decreases but pressure remains the same what happens to the force?

A

Force decreases

87
Q

Mass of trolley in relation to a force-acceleration graph.

A

Mass equals gradient

Physics Mistakes in Papers (3 decks)

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