Exta bits and mnemonics

Question 1

How to remember blotting techniques Eg Electrophoresis

Answer 1

SNOW
DROP

Southern = DNA
Northern = RNA
Western = Protein

Question 2

How to remember JVP waveforms
a,x,c,v,y

Answer 2

a - Atrial contraction
x - relaXation of atria
c- triCuspid Closure
v - Venous filling of atria
y - emptYing of atria

Question 3

Pericarditis vs tamponade on JVP waveform

Answer 3

PAY TAX

Pericarditis step y descent (some x as well)

Tamponade Steep X descent only

Question 4

Dermatomes
T4
T10
L5
S1

Answer 4

T4 - nipple
T10 - Umbilicus (belly butTEN)
L5 - Big toe (Largest of 5)
S1 - Little toe (Smallest 1)

Question 5

Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 5

ABCCCDD

Alcohol
Beri beri
Coxackie B virus
Cocaine
Chargras disease
Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin

Question 6

Causes of upper lung fibrosis

Answer 6

BREASTS

Berylliosis
Radiation
Extrinsic alergic alveolitis / eosinophilic pneumonia
Ankylosing spond / allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Sarcoid
TB
Silicossis

Question 7

Lower lung fibrosis causes

Answer 7

CABRIOS

Collagen vascular disease / cryptogenic fibrosis alveolitis
Asbestosis
Bronchiectasis
Rheum arthritis
Idiopathic
Other… (Blah never mind BNM) Bleomycin Nitrofurantoin MTX
Scleroderma

Question 8

Drugs which cause liver enzyme inhibition? What does this mean?

Answer 8

Increased effect of drug
SICKFACES.COM
Sodium valproate
Isoniazid
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Alcohol & Grapefruit juice
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Sulfonamides
Ciprofloxacin
Omeprazole
Metronidazole

Or - AODEVICES
Allopurinol
Omeprazole
Disulfiram
Erythromycin
Valproate
Isoniazid
Cipro
Ethanol
Sulphonamide

Question 9

Liver enzyme induction

Answer 9

CRAP GPs
Carbamazepine
Rifampicin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbitone
Sulphonylureas

Or PC BRAGS
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Barbituates
Rifampicin
Alcohol
St johns wart

Question 10

Drugs prolonging QT
Which class of diuretics?
Which Abx class x2?

Answer 10

TOOQRSADES

Thiazides
Ondansetron
Opioids
Quinalones
Risperidone + antipsychotics
Sotalol
Antihistamines
AntiDepressants (tricyclics)
Erythromycin (macrolides)
SSRIs

Question 11

Drug induced thrombocytopenia

Answer 11

QANDAHA

Quinine
Abciximab (IIb/ IIIa inhibitor)
NSAIDS
Diuretics Eg furosemide
Antibiotics - Penicillin, rifampicin
Heparin
Anticonvulsants - carbamazepine, valproate

Question 12

What is Rockall score for?

Answer 12

Upper GI bleed risk
ABCDE

Age
Blood pressure drop
Co-morbidity
Diagnosis
Endoscopic finding

Question 13

2,3,4 rule of AF

Answer 13

Cardiovert if in first 2 days
Otherwise anti coag for 3 weeks first
Anticoag for 4 weeks post cardioversion

Question 14

First rank symptoms of schitz

Answer 14

Aim To Pass Defiinitively

Auditory hallucinations
Thought disorder
Passivity experiences
Delusional perceptions

Question 15

Rule of 10s for phaeo

Answer 15

10%
-Familial
-malignant
-outside adrenals
-Bilateral

Question 16

Which vaccines to avoid in immunocompromised?

Answer 16

Live attenuated
‘You Mustn’t Prescribe BCG Incase They RIP Stat’

Yellow fever
MMR
Polio (oral)
BCG
Influenza
Typhoid
Rotavirus
Shingles

Question 17

High anion gap metabolic acidosis
Causes

Answer 17

GOLDMARK

Glycols (ethylene and propylene),
Oxoproline,
L-lactate,
D-lactate,
Methanol,
Aspirin,
Renal failure,
Ketoacidosis

Question 18

Who gets D lactate acidosis

Answer 18

Short bowel syndrome

Question 19

What makes up the anion gap?Normal range? What is usual value for raised anion gap?

Answer 19

Na - (Cl+Hco3)
8-12

> 20

Question 20

Usual cause of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?
Causes

Answer 20

Renal/GI loss bicarbonate

HARDUP

H -hyperalimentation (i.e. delivery of nutrients into a vein): typically due to excess normal saline solution.
A - acetazolamide: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
R - renal tubular acidosis
D - diarrhoea: gastrointestinal bicarbonate loss (e.g. high-output fistula)
U - ureterostomies (urinary diversions): alters handling of cations/anions
P - post hypocapnic state
S - spironolactone (and hypoadrenalism / hypoaldosteronism)

Question 21

Lumbar plexus nerve roots

Answer 21

I (twice) get laid on fridays
2 from 1 nerve root
2 from 2 nerve roots
3 from 3 nerve roots

L1 - Ileohypogastric, ilioinguinal

Genitofemoral - L1/L2
Lateral femoral cutaneous - L1/L2 -

Obturator L2/3/4
Femoral L2/3/4

Question 22

Antibiotic classes mnemonic

Answer 22

GCPC MALT protein

Inhibit cell well synthesis
Glycopeptites
Carbapenems
Penicillin
Cephalosporins

Inhibit protein synthesis
Macrolides
Aminogycosides
Liconasmides
Tetracycline

Then remember
SulFOnamides - folic acid synthesis
FluroQUINolones - Inhibit RNA replication (making QUINtuplets)

Question 23

Which organisms in asplenia

Answer 23

His Spleen Never Got Sick

Haemophilus influenzae type B
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitides
Group B streptococcus
Salmonella typhi

Question 24

What passes through diapragm

Answer 24

I 8 10 eggs at 12

I 8: inferior vena cava at T8
10 eggs: oesophagus at T10
at 12: aorta at T12

T8: vena cava has 8 letters, as does the abbreviation of its companion structure the phrenic nerve “phrenicN”

T10: oesophagus (UK spelling) has 10 letters, its companion structure the vagus nerve is cranial nerve X “CN 10”