EXS: 335 final exam Flashcards
upper & lower extremity
1
Q
of fused in vertebral column
A
9
2
Q
of articulating in vertebral column
A
24
3
Q
of vertebrae in cervical spine
A
7
4
Q
of vertebrae in thoracic spine
A
12
5
Q
of vertebrae in lumbar spine
A
5
6
Q
of fused vertebrae in sacrum
A
5
7
Q
of fused vertebrae in coccyx
A
4
8
Q
of curvatures and where
A
4, 2 anterior and 2 posterior
9
Q
line of pull on vertebrae
A
concave side of curve
10
Q
what is C1
A
atlas
11
Q
what is C2
A
axis
12
Q
differences between atlas and axis
A
vertebral foramen is bigger, axis has spinous process and dens
13
Q
joint motions of the spine
A
atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial
14
Q
Atlanta-occipital joint movement
A
nodding in sagittal plane
15
Q
Atlantoaxial joint movement
A
rotation in transverse plane
16
Q
Dens
A
allow for rotation
17
Q
sacroiliac joint identification
A
dyarthrosis
18
Q
nonaxial motions of spine
A
sliding/gliding, compression/decompression
19
Q
thoracolumnar fascia
A
strong complex acting like a huge ligament
20
Q
potential injury surrounding scalenes
A
thoracic outlet syndrome
21
Q
erector spinae muscles named, top down
A
capitis, cervis, thoracis, or lumborum
22
Q
bones of shoulder
A
manubrium of sternum, clavicle, scapula, humerus
23
Q
pars fracture
A
unilateral or bilateral fracture to lower back usually in L5
24
Q
costal cartilage
A
bars of hyaline cartilage that prolong ribs forward
25
costochondral articulation
joints between ribs and cartilage
26
Valsalva maneuver
increase pressure in chest to expand weight to rest of spine
27
SCM
neck flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral flexion
28
scalenes
elevation of first 2 ribs, lateral neck flexion, rotation
29
quadratus lumborum
stabilization, hip hike movement, fixation of 12th rib
30
multifidus
extension, rotation, lateral flexion of spine
31
rectus abdominus
stabilization of trunk with assistant force expiration
32
transverse abdominus
increased intra-abdominal pressure, postural pressure, pelvic floor support
33
3 bones of coax
ilium, ischium, pubis
34
anteversion
greater than 20 degrees toes inward
35
retroversion
less than 15 degrees no greater than 20
36
ligaments of hip
iliofemoral, ischialfemoral, pubicfemoral
37
labrum
cartilage lining acetabulum
38
adductor muscles
adductor longus/brevis/magnus, pectineus, gracilis
39
gluteus maximus action
hip extension and external rotation
40
gluteus medius action
external rotation
41
muscles doing hip flexion
TFL, psoas, gluteus medius, sartorius, iliacus
42
gracilis action
adduction and aiding in flexion/extension
43
piriformis action
external rotation and abduction
44
muscles crossing 2 joints
bicep/rectus femoris, sartorius, gracillis, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, IT band, TFL
45
tibiofemoral joint classification
hinge synovial joint
46
function of patella
protects knee joint
47
muscles that attach to tibial tuberosity
TFL, rectus femoris, sartorius, gracillis, semitendinosus
48
menisci location
between femur and tibia
49
menisci function
increased stability, shock absorption, and lubrication of knee
50
genu valgum
knee moving inward
51
genu varum
knees moving outward
52
muscles crossing knee, hip, and ankle joints
rectus femoris and gastrocnemius
53
Gerry's tubercle
insertion site for IT band
54
pes anserine group
conjoined tendons of sartorius, gracillis, and semitendinosus
55
IT band
fibrous fascia supporting in knee flexion & extension
56
muscle that unlock knee joint
popliteus
57
ankle tarsals
calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, and cuneiformis
58
plantar fascia
inflammation of tendon running bottom of foot
59
function of malleoli
ankle stability
60
compartment syndrome
pressure builds on muscle to a dangerous level
61
medial tibial stress syndrome
shin splints due to overuse & stress
62
tibialis anterior action
dorsiflexion and inversion
63
tibialis posterior action
plantarflexion and eversion
64
peroneals action
eversion and assisted plantar flexion
65
gastrocnemius action
plantar flexion and knee flexion
66
67
scapulohumeral rhythm
120 degrees of humerus, 60 degrees of scapula
68
parts of scapula
inferior angle, axillary border, spine, supraspinatus fossa, infraspinatus fossa
69
actions of GH & ST
elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, upward/downward rotation, anterior/posterior tilt
70
landmarks of humerus
epicondyles, trochlea, capitulum, coronoid fossa, radial fossa, olecranon fossa
71
landmarks of ulna
olecranon process, coronoid process, ulnar styloid process
72
landmarks of radius
head, neck, tuberosity, styloid
73
two ligaments of elbow
ulnar collateral and lateral collateral
74
ulnar collateral ligament
restrains valgus force
75
wrist flexors
extensor carpi radialis/longus/brevis/ulnaris
76
wrist extensors
flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris, palmaris longus
77
anatomy
study of structure
78
physiology
study of function
79
kinesiology
study of movement
80
biomechanics
application of mechanical principles to study of biological organisms and systems
81
SAID principle
specific adaptations to imposed demands
82
wolff's law
tissues, bones, muscles, respond to stress placed on them
83
motor behavior
neuromuscular of movement
84
motor control
study of neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement
85
motor development
explores changes in movement behavior occurring through life span infants of death
86
gross motor skills
controlling the limbs
87
fine motor skills
small movements
88
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
89
peripheral nervous system
exits spine to extremities
90
prefrontal cortex
plans
91
premotor cortex
sequences
92
motor cortex
executes action
93
cervical plexus
C1-C4
94
brachial plexus
C5-T2
95
lumbar plexus
T12-L5
96
sacral plexus
S1-S2
97
coccugeal plexus
S3-S5
98
parts of a neuron
cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, nodes of renvier
99
sarcomere
fundamental contractile unit of myofibril
100
all or nothing principle
once a motor unit is activated it is contracted all the way or not at all
101
type 1 muscle fiber
slow, long-distance runners
102
type 2a muscle fiber
intermediate
103
type 2b muscle fiber
fast, sprint
104
concentric muscle action
shortening
105
eccentric muscle action
lengthening
106
isometric muscle action
hold, same length
107
isokinetic muscle action
constant angular velocity about a joint
108
isoinertial
constant resistance
109
agonist muscle
prime mover
110
antagonists muscle
movement in opposite directions
111
synergist muscle
assists prime mover
112
stabilizer muscle
stabilizes proximal to distal
113
tendon
skeletal muscle to bone
114
ligament
bone to bone
115
cartilage
stiff to connective tissue
116
bursa
fluid-filled sac providing protection
117
sagittal plane
medial-lateral axis
118
frontal plane
anterior-posterior axis
119
transverse plane
longitudinal axis
120
osteokinematics
movement of joints
121
arthrokinematics
minute movements in joints,
122
synarthrosis
stable, skull
123
diarthrosis
mobile, fingers
124
amphiarthrosis
limited but stable, pelvis
125
concave
rolls, spins, slides below convex
126
convex
rolls, spins, slides on top concave
127
1 class lever
seesaw, force on both sides
128
2nd class lever
lever shorter than resistance
129
3rd class lever
force between resistance and folcrum
130
distal end of the humerus articulates with what of the ulna
trochlear
131
two distal condyles of humerus
trochlear and capitulum
132
coronoid fossa location
distal anterior humerus
133
olecranon fossa location
distal posterior humerus
134
2 bony processes at distal end of forearms
styloid processes
135
2 carpal bones articulating with radius and ulna
scaphoid and lunate
136
types of diarthrodial joints
sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular
137
CMC, thumb joint classification
saddle joint
138
structure separating proximal and distal rows of carpals
triangular fibrocartilage complex, TFCC
139
primary movers of upward rotation
trapezius and serratus anterior
