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exposures > exposures review > Flashcards

exposures review Flashcards

1
Q

what is now recommended with digital detectors - reduces ESE (entrance skin exposure)

A

higher kVp

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2
Q

higher SID means

A

lower dose - loses energy when all other factors remain unchanged

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3
Q

higher OID reduces

A

overall exposure & increases magnification

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4
Q

reducing scatter overall

A

reduces dose

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5
Q

good right collimation lowers

A

dose& scatter therefore exposure

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6
Q

patients thickness

A

reduces exposure , when all other factors remain unchanged

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7
Q

increase factors for

A

grids

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8
Q

added filtration

A

lowers exposure

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9
Q

greater signal =

A

better images with less noise or graininess

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10
Q

what is detector saturation

A

excessive signal (exposure) gives no added visible improvement and adds to dose

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11
Q

to lower entrance skin exposure

A

up kVp, lower mAs

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12
Q

exposure technique charts

A

help produce consistent images, 2 types

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13
Q

fixed kVp

A

establish optimal kVp range, appropriate contrast w in acceptable limits. !!mAs is adjusted in increments of min. 30% (double or halve mAs for every 5 cm of subject thickness!! helps to decrease patient dose

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14
Q

fixed kVp is better suited for

A

DR systems - the rules are not as strict

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15
Q

variable kVp

A

2 kvp per cm of subject thickness + base kvp
2kvp times part cm +30kvp = new kvp
* consistent with the 15% rule while ensuring sufficient penetration

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16
Q

dose creep happens when

A

using a wide latitude

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17
Q

dose creep

A

wide exposure latitude with digital imaging, errors in technique selection are being made on the additive side for correction

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18
Q

EI number

A

evaluates how much exposure hit the IR

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19
Q

EI target number provide

A

reliable techniques based on exam type, projection, patient thickness

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20
Q

Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)

A

work well with CR & DR, used to help with ALARA, requires precise positioning of part for accurate exposure

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21
Q

DI (deviation index) number

A

determines the amount of over or under exposure

22
Q

DI number increments

A

are set at 20% for underexposure , and 25% for overexposure

23
Q

-2 would be an underexposure of

A

40% below

24
Q

+2 would be an overexposure of

A

50% above recommended target

25
Q

photon starvation

A

-under exposure or inadequate exposure to detector elements
responsible for lower visual or perceived resolution and obscuring anatomical features

26
Q

80+ kVp should be used for

A

grids

27
Q

non grid exams

A

80 or less kVp

28
Q

data drop - excessive signal to IR

A
  • occurs because of extreme overexposure
    DELs are overwhelmed with photons (saturated) and become incapable of recognizing high energy values
29
Q

Electronic masking (shuttering)

A

also known as cropping, a post processing function that reduces veil glare & improves viewing conditions

30
Q

what must you have on an image

A

patient demographics & labeling laterality

31
Q

medical radiographs are considered

A

a legal document

32
Q

artifacts are

A

extraneous pieces of information on an image that do not truly represent the patient & their condition

33
Q

artifact type - ghosting or phantom image

A

incomplete image erasure

34
Q

artifact type - drop out

A

reductions in resolution, dust in CR or on laser imaging unit

35
Q

artifact type - backscatter fogging

A

radiation

36
Q

artifact type - reticulation

A

aka quantum mottle from underexposure

37
Q

artifact type - histogram analysis error

A

improper collimation , technique, beam alignment

38
Q

Biomedical informatics (BMI)

A

platforms used for medical purpose applications used for patient care and clinical research

39
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network - allows computers to share info and devises on the same network

40
Q

WAN

A

Wide Area Network - network that spans a large area : city , state , nation etc.

41
Q

DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine)

A

universal, standardized public format and protocol for communicating biomedical imaging files

42
Q

HL7 (Health Level 7)

A

Organization that provides standards for interoperability that improve care delivery optimize workflow reduce ambiguity and enhance knowledge transfer among all stakeholders
* make sure to log out never share password *!!!

43
Q

PACS

A

Picture Archiving and Communication System

44
Q

PACS 3 system part

A

image acquisition - images are acquired in a digital format , can be transferred
display work station - any computer that a worker uses to view a digital image
Archive server - the “file room” of the PACS

45
Q

ROI - region of interest measurement

A

can tell type of tissue or fluid from intensity reading

46
Q

HIS

A

Hospital Information System

47
Q

RIS

A

Radiology Information System

48
Q

EMR/EHR

A

electronic medical record & electronic health records

49
Q

HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act- ensures confidentially of patient information

50
Q

HIPAA year introduced

A

1996

exposures (6 decks)

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