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Clinical Medicine > export_foot and lower limb > Flashcards

export_foot and lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

Abduction

A

Away from axial line of body

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2
Q

Adduction

A

Toward the axial line of the body

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3
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of the bursa due to repetitive movement or pressure

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4
Q

Claw toe

A

Hyperextension of metatarasophalangeal joint with flexion of the toe’s proximal and distal joints

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5
Q

Clubfoot

A

Fixed congenital defect of the ankle and foot

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6
Q

Dislocation

A

Complete separation of the contact between two bones in a joint

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7
Q

Eversion

A

Outward turning, movement of the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

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8
Q

Hallux valgus

A

Lateral deviation of the great toe with overlapping of the second toe

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9
Q

Inversion

A

Inward turning, movement of the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

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10
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

A

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head

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11
Q

Mallet toe

A

Flexion deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint of the foot

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12
Q

Metatarsus adductus

A

Most common deformity of the foot

Marked by the middle bones of the foot pointing in toward the body

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13
Q

Osgood-Schlatter disease

A

Common overuse injury of adolescents, causing painful swelling of the knee due to apophyseal traction of the anterior aspect of the tibial tubercle

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14
Q

Pes cavus

A

High arch on the sole of the foot

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15
Q

Pes planus

A

Collapsed arch of the foot

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16
Q

What does it mean if the patient’s pulse is bounding (+3/4 or +4/4)

A

They have a wide pulse pressure (>60 mmHg difference between systolic and diastolic pressures)

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17
Q

What can cause a wide pulse pressure?

A

FACTS
Fever

Aortic insufficiency

Complete heart block

Thyrotoxicosis

Systolic HTN

18
Q

Normal capillary fill time

A

<3 seconds

19
Q

Two types of edema

A

Non-pitting (acute)

Pitting (chronic)

20
Q

General feature of pitting edema

A

Protein-rich exudate

CHF

21
Q

General feature of non-pitting edema

A

Lack of protein in exudate

Liver or kidney problems

22
Q

Non-palpable lesions

A

Macule

Patch

23
Q

Solid, palpable lesions

A

Papule
Nodule

Tumor

Plaque

24
Q

Clear fluid filled, palpable lesion

A

Vesicle

Bulla

25
Q

Pus-filled, palpable lesion

A

Pustule

Abscess

26
Q

Causes of thick, dystrophic nails

A

TOE CLYPT
Trauma

Onychomycosis

Eczema

Circulatory problems

Lichen planus

Yellow nail syndrome

Psoriasis

Tumor

27
Q

Causes of dry skin

A

Insufficient sweat glands (diabetes)
Tinea pedis

Psoriasis

Eczema

28
Q

Range for muscle strength

A

0/5 - no muscle movement
1/5 - tendon movement

2/5 - movement on exam table

3/5 - movement off exam table

4/5 - slightly reduced

5/5 - normal muscle strength

29
Q

What will the patient complain of if they have a disorder in the spinothalamic tract?

A

Burning or cramping

30
Q

What will the patient complain of if they have a disorder in the posterior column?

A

Pins and needles or electric shock

31
Q

What is a normal monofilament test result?

A

The patient feels 7/10 touches

32
Q

What abnormal tests would indicate a small fiber disease?

A

Touch stimuli
Sharp stimuli

Temperature

33
Q

What abnormal tests would indicate a large fiber disease?

A

Vibration

Proprioception

34
Q

Tendon reflex scale

A

0/4 - hypo-reflexive
2/4 - normal

4/4 - hyper-reflexive

35
Q

Nerve roots for knee reflex

A

L2-L4

36
Q

Nerve roots for ankle reflex

A

S1-S2

37
Q

What nerve roots are responsible for the plantar response?

A

L4-S2

38
Q

What is a normal plantar response?

A

Plantar flexion

39
Q

What is an abnormal plantar response?

A

Dorsiflexion (Babinski response)

40
Q

What is the “all-in-one” lower limb test?

A

Hop-in-place with each foot

41
Q

What would indicate that someone has an autonomic nervous system disorder?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

If pulse rate decreases with inspiration or increases with expiration (normal is opposite)

Clinical Medicine (9 decks)

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