export_foot and lower limb Flashcards
Abduction
Away from axial line of body
Adduction
Toward the axial line of the body
Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa due to repetitive movement or pressure
Claw toe
Hyperextension of metatarasophalangeal joint with flexion of the toe’s proximal and distal joints
Clubfoot
Fixed congenital defect of the ankle and foot
Dislocation
Complete separation of the contact between two bones in a joint
Eversion
Outward turning, movement of the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Hallux valgus
Lateral deviation of the great toe with overlapping of the second toe
Inversion
Inward turning, movement of the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head
Mallet toe
Flexion deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint of the foot
Metatarsus adductus
Most common deformity of the foot
Marked by the middle bones of the foot pointing in toward the body
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Common overuse injury of adolescents, causing painful swelling of the knee due to apophyseal traction of the anterior aspect of the tibial tubercle
Pes cavus
High arch on the sole of the foot
Pes planus
Collapsed arch of the foot
What does it mean if the patient’s pulse is bounding (+3/4 or +4/4)
They have a wide pulse pressure (>60 mmHg difference between systolic and diastolic pressures)
What can cause a wide pulse pressure?
FACTS
Fever
Aortic insufficiency
Complete heart block
Thyrotoxicosis
Systolic HTN
Normal capillary fill time
<3 seconds
Two types of edema
Non-pitting (acute)
Pitting (chronic)
General feature of pitting edema
Protein-rich exudate
CHF
General feature of non-pitting edema
Lack of protein in exudate
Liver or kidney problems
Non-palpable lesions
Macule
Patch
Solid, palpable lesions
Papule
Nodule
Tumor
Plaque
Clear fluid filled, palpable lesion
Vesicle
Bulla
Pus-filled, palpable lesion
Pustule
Abscess
Causes of thick, dystrophic nails
TOE CLYPT
Trauma
Onychomycosis
Eczema
Circulatory problems
Lichen planus
Yellow nail syndrome
Psoriasis
Tumor
Causes of dry skin
Insufficient sweat glands (diabetes)
Tinea pedis
Psoriasis
Eczema
Range for muscle strength
0/5 - no muscle movement
1/5 - tendon movement
2/5 - movement on exam table
3/5 - movement off exam table
4/5 - slightly reduced
5/5 - normal muscle strength
What will the patient complain of if they have a disorder in the spinothalamic tract?
Burning or cramping
What will the patient complain of if they have a disorder in the posterior column?
Pins and needles or electric shock
What is a normal monofilament test result?
The patient feels 7/10 touches
What abnormal tests would indicate a small fiber disease?
Touch stimuli
Sharp stimuli
Temperature
What abnormal tests would indicate a large fiber disease?
Vibration
Proprioception
Tendon reflex scale
0/4 - hypo-reflexive
2/4 - normal
4/4 - hyper-reflexive
Nerve roots for knee reflex
L2-L4
Nerve roots for ankle reflex
S1-S2
What nerve roots are responsible for the plantar response?
L4-S2
What is a normal plantar response?
Plantar flexion
What is an abnormal plantar response?
Dorsiflexion (Babinski response)
What is the “all-in-one” lower limb test?
Hop-in-place with each foot
What would indicate that someone has an autonomic nervous system disorder?
Orthostatic hypotension
If pulse rate decreases with inspiration or increases with expiration (normal is opposite)
