Exploring Medical Language- Ch. 14, Musculoskeletal System: Structures and Word Parts Flashcards
outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue
periosteum
dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum
compact bone
contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone
cancellous (spongy) bone
membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone
endosteum
shaft of the long bones
diaphysis
end of each long bone
epiphysis
material found in the cavities of the bone
bone marrow
thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones; location of red blood formation
red marrow
soft, fatty material found int the medullary cavity of long bones
yellow marrow
upper jaw bone
maxilla
lower jaw bone
mandilble
made up of bones called vertebrae through which the spinal cord runs
vertebral column
first set of seven bones, forming the neck
cervical vertebrae
second set of 12 vertebrae; articulate with the ribs to form the outward curve of the spine
thoracic vertebrae
3rd set of five larger vertebrae; forms the inward curve of the spine
lumbar vertebrae
five vertebrae, fused together, that form a triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones
sacrum
4 vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone
coccyx
part of the vertebral arch
lamina
collarbone
clavicle
shoulder blade
scapula
extension of the scapula, forms the superior point of the shoulder
acromian process
breastbone
sternum
lower portion of the sternum
xiphoid process
upper arm bone
humorous
lower arm bones
ulna and radius
projection at the proximal end of the ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow
olecranon process
wrist bones
carpal bones
hand bones
metacarpal bones
finger and toe bones
phalanges
made up of ischium, ilium, and pubis
pelvic bone
lower, posterior portion of the hip bone on which one sits
ischium
upper, wing-shaped part of the hip bone
ilium
anterior portion of the pelvic bone
pubis
large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur
acetabulum
upper leg bone
femur
lower leg bones
tibia and fibula
kneecap
patella
ankle bones
tarsal bones
heel bone
calcaneous
foot bones
metatarsal bones
inter-
between
supra-
above
sym-, syn-
together, joined
-asthenia
weakness
-clasia, -clasis
break
-clast
break
-desis
surgical fixation, fusion
-physis
growth
-schisis
split, fissure
aponeur/o
aponuerosis
arthr/o
joint
burs/o
bursa (cavity)
chondr/o
cartilage
disk/o
intervertebral disk
menisc/o
meniscus
synovi/o
synovia
ten/o
tendon
tend/o
tendon
tendin/o
tendon
carp/o
carpals
clavic/o, clavicul/o
clavicle
crani/o
cranium
cost/o
rib
femor/o
femur
fibul/o
fibula
humer/o
humerus
ili/o
ilium
ischi/o
ischium
lumb/o
lumbar region of the spine
mandibul/o
mandible
smooth layer of firm fibrous tissue covering the contacting surface of joints
articular cartilage
crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee
meniscus
cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine
intervertebral disk
cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones come together
pubic symphasis
fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities
synovia
fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
bursa
flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint
ligament
band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
tendon
strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone
aponeurosis
musclse that are attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible
skeletal muscles (aka- striated muscles)
muscles that are located in internal organs, such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract- also involuntary muscles
smooth muscles
type of muscle that forms most of the walls of the heart- involuntary contraction produces the heartbeat
cardiac muscle (aka- myocardium)
moving away from the midline
abduction
moving towards the midline
adduction
turning inward
inversion
turning outward
eversion
movement in which a limb is placed in a straight positions
extension
movement in which a limb is bent
flexion
movememnt that turns the palm down
pronation
movement that turns the palm up
supination
turning around its own axis
rotation
maxill/o
maxilla
patell/o
patella
pelv/i, pelv/o
pelvis, pelvic bone
phalang/o
phalanges
pub/o
pubis
rachi/o
vertebra, spine
spondyl/o
vertebra, spine
vertebr/o
vertebra, spine
radi/o
radius
sacr/o
sacrum
scapul/o
scapula
stern/o
sternum
tars/o
tarsals
tibi/o
tibia
uln/o
ulna
ankyl/o
stiff, bent
kinesi/o
movement, motion
kyph/o
hump
lamin/o
lamina
lord/o
bent forward
my/o
muscle
myos/o
muscle
myel/o
bone marrow
oste/o
bone
petr/o
stone
scoli/o
crooked, curved
