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Medical Terminology > Exploring Medical Language- Ch. 14, Musculoskeletal System: Structures and Word Parts > Flashcards

Exploring Medical Language- Ch. 14, Musculoskeletal System: Structures and Word Parts Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue

A

periosteum

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2
Q

dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum

A

compact bone

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3
Q

contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone

A

cancellous (spongy) bone

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4
Q

membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone

A

endosteum

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5
Q

shaft of the long bones

A

diaphysis

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6
Q

end of each long bone

A

epiphysis

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7
Q

material found in the cavities of the bone

A

bone marrow

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8
Q

thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones; location of red blood formation

A

red marrow

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9
Q

soft, fatty material found int the medullary cavity of long bones

A

yellow marrow

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10
Q

upper jaw bone

A

maxilla

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11
Q

lower jaw bone

A

mandilble

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12
Q

made up of bones called vertebrae through which the spinal cord runs

A

vertebral column

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13
Q

first set of seven bones, forming the neck

A

cervical vertebrae

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14
Q

second set of 12 vertebrae; articulate with the ribs to form the outward curve of the spine

A

thoracic vertebrae

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15
Q

3rd set of five larger vertebrae; forms the inward curve of the spine

A

lumbar vertebrae

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16
Q

five vertebrae, fused together, that form a triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones

A

sacrum

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17
Q

4 vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

A

coccyx

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18
Q

part of the vertebral arch

A

lamina

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19
Q

collarbone

A

clavicle

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20
Q

shoulder blade

A

scapula

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21
Q

extension of the scapula, forms the superior point of the shoulder

A

acromian process

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22
Q

breastbone

A

sternum

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23
Q

lower portion of the sternum

A

xiphoid process

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24
Q

upper arm bone

A

humorous

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25
Q

lower arm bones

A

ulna and radius

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26
Q

projection at the proximal end of the ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow

A

olecranon process

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27
Q

wrist bones

A

carpal bones

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28
Q

hand bones

A

metacarpal bones

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29
Q

finger and toe bones

A

phalanges

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30
Q

made up of ischium, ilium, and pubis

A

pelvic bone

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31
Q

lower, posterior portion of the hip bone on which one sits

A

ischium

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32
Q

upper, wing-shaped part of the hip bone

A

ilium

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33
Q

anterior portion of the pelvic bone

A

pubis

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34
Q

large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur

A

acetabulum

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35
Q

upper leg bone

A

femur

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36
Q

lower leg bones

A

tibia and fibula

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37
Q

kneecap

A

patella

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38
Q

ankle bones

A

tarsal bones

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39
Q

heel bone

A

calcaneous

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40
Q

foot bones

A

metatarsal bones

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41
Q

inter-

A

between

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42
Q

supra-

A

above

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43
Q

sym-, syn-

A

together, joined

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44
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

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45
Q

-clasia, -clasis

A

break

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46
Q

-clast

A

break

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47
Q

-desis

A

surgical fixation, fusion

48
Q

-physis

A

growth

49
Q

-schisis

A

split, fissure

50
Q

aponeur/o

A

aponuerosis

51
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

52
Q

burs/o

A

bursa (cavity)

53
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

54
Q

disk/o

A

intervertebral disk

55
Q

menisc/o

A

meniscus

56
Q

synovi/o

A

synovia

57
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

58
Q

tend/o

A

tendon

59
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

60
Q

carp/o

A

carpals

61
Q

clavic/o, clavicul/o

A

clavicle

62
Q

crani/o

A

cranium

63
Q

cost/o

A

rib

64
Q

femor/o

A

femur

65
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula

66
Q

humer/o

A

humerus

67
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

68
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium

69
Q

lumb/o

A

lumbar region of the spine

70
Q

mandibul/o

A

mandible

71
Q

smooth layer of firm fibrous tissue covering the contacting surface of joints

A

articular cartilage

72
Q

crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee

A

meniscus

73
Q

cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine

A

intervertebral disk

74
Q

cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones come together

A

pubic symphasis

75
Q

fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities

A

synovia

76
Q

fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

A

bursa

77
Q

flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint

A

ligament

78
Q

band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

A

tendon

79
Q

strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone

A

aponeurosis

80
Q

musclse that are attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible

A

skeletal muscles (aka- striated muscles)

81
Q

muscles that are located in internal organs, such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract- also involuntary muscles

A

smooth muscles

82
Q

type of muscle that forms most of the walls of the heart- involuntary contraction produces the heartbeat

A

cardiac muscle (aka- myocardium)

83
Q

moving away from the midline

A

abduction

84
Q

moving towards the midline

A

adduction

85
Q

turning inward

A

inversion

86
Q

turning outward

A

eversion

87
Q

movement in which a limb is placed in a straight positions

A

extension

88
Q

movement in which a limb is bent

A

flexion

89
Q

movememnt that turns the palm down

A

pronation

90
Q

movement that turns the palm up

A

supination

91
Q

turning around its own axis

A

rotation

92
Q

maxill/o

A

maxilla

93
Q

patell/o

A

patella

94
Q

pelv/i, pelv/o

A

pelvis, pelvic bone

95
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges

96
Q

pub/o

A

pubis

97
Q

rachi/o

A

vertebra, spine

98
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra, spine

99
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra, spine

100
Q

radi/o

A

radius

101
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

102
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula

103
Q

stern/o

A

sternum

104
Q

tars/o

A

tarsals

105
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia

106
Q

uln/o

A

ulna

107
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff, bent

108
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement, motion

109
Q

kyph/o

A

hump

110
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina

111
Q

lord/o

A

bent forward

112
Q

my/o

A

muscle

113
Q

myos/o

A

muscle

114
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

115
Q

oste/o

A

bone

116
Q

petr/o

A

stone

117
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked, curved

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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