Exploration And Discovery Flashcards
How did new technology promote exploration
Until 15th century most European sailors relied on coastal features to navigate.
Made it impossible for them to cross oceans where they could be out of sight of land for weeks at a time
How did new technology promote exploration (2)
Portuguese and Spanish began to explore oceans-developed more advanced navigational techniques
Learnt how to navigate by position of stars or Sun using an instrument caleld a sea astrolabe
How did new technology promote exploration (3)
English sailors began to learn techniques
1561-Spanish book “art of navigation”by Martin cortés translated to English
Gave english sailors detailed info about how to navigate across the Atlantic using a sea astrolabe
How did new technology promote exploration (4)
Other innovations helped english sailors navigate more accurately
1570s began using log and line helped them estimate speed with more accurac
1590s navigator John Davis invented backstaff-easier to use and more accurate than the sea astrolabe
How did the development of standardised maps and improvements in ship design promote exploration
Development of standardised maps such as the Mercator Map of 1569 made maps and naval charts more detailed and reliable: it gave sailors and traders greater confidence that they were going in the right direction reducing risk and encouraging further voyage
How did improvements of ship design promoted exploration (2)
Ships or Galleons had bigger sails, were faster and more manoeuvrable as well as possessing greater fire power to protect themselves from attacks by pirates
Also we’re more stable and could carry large cargoes which encouraged longer voyages and exploration as well as making journeys more profitable
How did. rivalry with Spain encourage exploration
In the 1550s english international trade dominated by exports of wollen cloth to Europe. Most exports traded through Antwerp controlled by Spanish
As tensions between England and Spain rose became increasingly difficult for english merchants to trade freely through Antwerp
How did. rivalry within Spain encourage exploration (2)
Encouraged English merchants make their international trade more varied
Some looked for new routes into Europe trading with German towns or through the Baltic. Or further afield especially to the americas and Asia
How did. rivalry with Spain encourage exploration (3)
As commercial and political rivalry between England and Spain grew, E realised England needed to compete with Spain globally
Encouraged English merchants to get involved in long distance trade and privateering and to explore opportunities to establish English colonies in the americas
How did private investment encourage exploration
Private investors including E and her courtiers funded many of the voyages of discovery
Although It was risky the rewards could be enormous
Increased the incomes of both the crown and the nobility
Why did drake circumnavigate the globe
Attacking Spain- main purpose was to raid Spanish colonies in the pacific as relations with Spain were declining
Profit-loot booty and trade meant that there were huge profits to be made from drakes proposed journey to the america
People willing to invest in the expedition
What was the significance of drakes circumnavigation of the globe
England reputation as a sea faring power increased. E increasingly saw her navy as her best means of defence protecting and extending her trading interests
Drakes expedition had resulted in Nova Albion an area near San Francisco being claimed as English territory with E as it’s queen
Encouraged further trade and exploration especially to the New World where colonies were established in New England
What was the significance of drakes circumnavigation of the globe
Declining relations with Spain- drakes voyage meant that England claimed the right to rule much of North America
Brought England into conflict with the pope who had awarded North America to Spain
With Spain itself conquering Mexico and Peru and had established trading posts along the eastern pacific coasts
For Philip II the knighting of drake on the golden Hind by Elizabeth I was the final insult tjay made war between the two countries inevitable
