EXPLANATIONS OF DEPRESSION

Question 1

ELLIS: ABC model

Answer 1

• Everyone has rational and irrational thoughts. It turns into depression when these thoughts affect your life.

Question 2

A - Activating events

Answer 2

Activating/ negative event – fail mock exam

Question 3

B = Belief

Answer 3

irrational – keep on failing mock exam

Question 4

i-cant stand it-itis

Answer 4

• the belief that it is a disaster when things do not go smoothly.

Question 5

utopianism

Answer 5

is the belief that the world must always be fair and just

Question 6

musterbation

Answer 6

• belief we must always succeed

Question 7

C - concequences

Answer 7

• when activating event triggers irrational beliefs there are emotional and behavioural concequences.
• E.G if you believe you must succed but fail, concequence is depression

Question 8

Applicable in treating depression

Answer 8

• Ellis applied the ABC model to treat depression
• evidence that REBKT can both change negative beliefs and relieve the symptoms of depression
• this means REBT has real-world value

Question 9

ABC model only explains reactive depression

Answer 9

• reactive depression describes a form of depression that is triggered by a negative event
• however, in many cases it is not obvious what trigger depression, ellis model is useful in explaining this
• ellis model can only explain certain types of depression

Question 10

Beck

Answer 10

• suggests people who are more prone to depression because of faulty info processing
• i.e flawed way of thinking.
• when depressed people attened to negative aspects of situation and ignores positives. they tend to blow small situations put of proportion and think in “black-and-white” terms

Question 11

Negative schema –

Answer 11

• depressed ppl have negative schemas
• a negative schema is a package of ideas and info developed through experience.
• we use schemas to interpret the world.
• so if a person has a negative self-schema they interpret all info as negative.

Question 12

Negative triad

Answer 12

• negative view of the world e.g world is a cold place
• negative view of future e.g there is not much chance that the economy will get better
• negative view of self e.g “i am a failure and will enever succeed”

Question 13

research evidence on Beck model

Answer 13

• clark & beck concluded that cog vulnerabbiilities e.g faulty info processing, negative self schema are most common in depressed people
• a recent prospective study by cohen et al tracked 473 adolescents developments and found that early cognitive vulnerabilities predicted later depression.
• association between cognitive vulnerability and depression,

Question 14

one strength is real-life application to screening for depression

Answer 14

• assesing cognitive vulnerability in young ppl most at risk of developing depression means that they can be monitored.
• understanding the cognitive vulnerability is applied to CBT to alter cognitions underlying depression making a person more resilient to life events.
• this means that the idea of cognitive vulnerability is useful in clinical practise.