explanations and treatments COGNITIVE

Question 1

Cognitive theory states that faulty thinking is caused by what?

Answer 1

something in between input and output goes wrong and this causes abnormality.

Question 2

what is the models basic assumption?

Answer 2

that it is the persons thoughts that are responsible for their behaviour.

Question 3

the cognitive theory has 3 main points, what are they?

Answer 3

maladaptive behaviour is caused by faulty and irrational thoughts
it is the way you think about a problem rather than the problem itself that causes the mental disorder
individuals can overcome mental disorders by learning to use more appropriate cognition’s

Question 4

who are the main advocates who thought of this model?

Answer 4

Beck and Ellis

Question 5

what 2 things did Beck and Ellis suggest?

Answer 5

the ABC model

cognitive triad

Question 6

ABC model

what does each of these letters mean?

Answer 6

a=activating even
b=belief which is rational or irrational
c=consequence

Question 7

ABC model

give an example of ABC model

Answer 7

a=the sight of a large dog
b=”this dog is going to attack me”
c=running and hiding and developing a phobia of dogs``

Question 8

ABC model

according to this theory, psychological problems occur when faulty thinking becomes ______?

Answer 8

maladaptive

Question 9

ABC model

distortions take the form of?

Answer 9

negative thoughts
irrational beliefs
illogical errors-overgeneralisation and polarised thinking

Question 10

ABC model

some people also exaggerate events often not considering rational alternatives e.g.?

Answer 10

“i must be an awful person because Mary ignored me”

when in reality she didn’t hear you

Question 11

ABC model

give 3 examples of irrational thinking

Answer 11

I ought to be good for my parents
David should be nice to me
I must do well in my A levels

Question 12

The cognitive triad

Beck believed what underlines mental disorders?

Answer 12

negative thoughts

Question 13

The cognitive triad

what 2 mechanisms are responsible for depression?

Answer 13

errors in logic

cognitive triad

Question 14

The cognitive triad

explain errors in logic

Answer 14

depressed people draw illogical conclusions when they evaluate themselves

Question 15

The cognitive triad

outline what the cognitive triad entails

Answer 15

3 forms of negative feelings

Question 16

The cognitive triad

what does the cognitive triad include?

Answer 16

negative views about the world
negative views about the future
negative views about oneself

Question 17

Describe and explain one piece of research that supports the cognitive triad

Answer 17

Gustafson: maladaptive thinking processes were displayed by many with psychological disorder e.g.e anxiety. Many suffering from mental disorders do show thought patterns associated with maladaptive functioning.

Question 18

Describe and explain one piece of research that supports the cognitive triad

Answer 18

Gustafson: maladaptive thinking processes were displayed by many with psychological disorder e.g.e anxiety. Many suffering from mental disorders do show thought patterns- associated with maladaptive functioning.

Question 19

Describe and explain one piece of research that supports the cognitive triad

Answer 19

Gustafson: maladaptive thinking processes were displayed by many with psychological disorder e.g.e anxiety. Many suffering from mental disorders do show thought patterns- associated with maladaptive functioning.

Question 20

what problems arise when the individual is blamed for the disorder for the behavioural approach?

Answer 20

It lays the blame on the individual rather than the social environment. Attention may be drawn away from the need to improve social conditions that may have an effect on the quality of life. This means the person is less likely to get help.

Question 21

Were rational thoughts a cause or consequence? explain

Answer 21

did irrational thoughts cause abnormal behaviour or did abnormal behaviour cause irrational thoughts? Beck himself pointed out that, although cognitive processes are involved in many psychological disorders, they may be a consequence rather than a cause of the problem.

Question 22

Were rational thoughts a cause or consequence? explain

Answer 22

did irrational thoughts cause abnormal behaviour or did abnormal behaviour cause irrational thoughts? Beck himself pointed out that, although cognitive processes are involved in many psychological disorders, they may be a consequence rather than a cause of the problem.

Question 23

what is the main thing the treatments hope to do?

Answer 23

encourage people to replace irrational, negative thoughts with more positive, adaptive thinking patterns

Question 24

the treatment involves 2 main elements, what are they?

Answer 24

behavioural and congitive

Question 25

describe the cognitive element for the treatment of abnormality according to the behavioural approach

Answer 25

therapist encourages the client to become aware of the beliefs that contribute to the disorder. It involves direct questioning and the use of diagrams. The therapists teaches them that it is not a logical response.

Question 26

describe the behavioural element for the treatment of abnormality according to the behavioural approach

Answer 26

the client and the therapist work together and decide how the clients beliefs can be reality tested through experimentation. The aim is that the client will recognise the consequences of their faulty cognition’s. New goals are then set so that the clients more realistic and rational beliefs are incorporated into their ways of thinking.

Question 27

there are 2 main types of cognitive behaviour treatment, what are they?

Answer 27

REBT

Beck’s cognitive triad

Question 28

there are 2 main types of cognitive behaviour treatment, what are they?

Answer 28

REBT

Beck’s cognitive triad

Question 29

what is the REBT type of cognitive behaviour treatment?

Answer 29

uses the abc model to help patients cure themselves. It is incorporated into a persons life to eradicate self-defeating thoughts

Question 30

what is the Beck’s cognitive triad type of cognitive behaviour treatment?

Answer 30

the depressed client monitors situations where they make either of the 3 negative assumptions. They are encouraged to challenge these thoughts

Question 31

what is the Beck’s cognitive triad type of cognitive behaviour treatment?

Answer 31

the depressed client monitors situations where they make either of the 3 negative assumptions. They are encouraged to challenge these thoughts

Question 32

what is the Beck’s cognitive triad type of cognitive behaviour treatment?

Answer 32

the depressed client monitors situations where they make either of the 3 negative assumptions. They are encouraged to challenge these thoughts

Question 33

What is a limitation of cognitive behaviour treatment?

Answer 33

it is time consuming. Patient may get bored or worse so don’t continue treatment to recovery. This reduces recovery rates.

Question 34

A strength of cognitive behaviour treatment is that it can be used to treat a range of disorders-explain

Answer 34

Engles et al. in a meta-analysis of 28 students, it was concluded that REBT is an effective treatment for a number of different types of disorders. This form of therapy.

Question 35

Research done by Fava et al. has shown that cognitive behaviour treatment is just as effective as drug therapy for treating depression. Explain the research

Answer 35

The aim was to see if using drug therapy followed by cognitive behaviour treatment reduced relapse rates for patients with depression compared with using drugs only. It was found that 25% of patients who had drug therapy followed by cognitive behaviour treatment had relapses. 80% of patients who had only drug treatments relapsed. cognitive behaviour treatment offers a successful alternative to long term drug treatment.

Question 36

Research done by Fava et al. has shown that cognitive behaviour treatment is just as effective as drug therapy for treating depression. Explain the research

Answer 36

The aim was to see if using drug therapy followed by cognitive behaviour treatment reduced relapse rates for patients with depression compared with using drugs only. It was found that 25% of patients who had drug therapy followed by cognitive behaviour treatment had relapses. 80% of patients who had only drug treatments relapsed. cognitive behaviour treatment offers a successful alternative to long term drug treatment.

Question 37

Another strength of cognitive behaviour treatment is that it is an ethical treatment - explain

Answer 37

Patient is just as involved as the therapist. More likely to see the treatment through so high recovery rates. There is an equal relationship between the 2