explanations and treatments BEHAVIOURAL Flashcards

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1
Q

what do the advocates of this approach believe about abnormal behaviour?

A

that it is learned

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2
Q

is classical conditioning how mental illness is maintained or developed?

A

developed?

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3
Q

is operant conditioning how mental illness is maintained or developed?

A

maintained

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4
Q

is social learning theory how mental illness is maintained or developed?

A

developed

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5
Q

explain classical conditioning

A

a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. The neutral stimulus is now a conditioned stimulus producing a conditioned response.

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6
Q

give an example of classical conditioning with phobias

A

“Little Albert” when he reached out for his rabbit, a steel bar was banged so startle him. A week later, they showed him the rabbit and he began to cry.

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7
Q

Classical conditioning is learning through _______?

A

association

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8
Q

explain operant conditioning

A

reinforced responses means the actions will be repeated. If a response is punished, this decreases the chance it will be repeated. Maladaptive behaviour will be rewarded which could create a psychological disorder. This means such behaviour are functional for the individual.

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9
Q

give an example of operant conditioning for a child that has panic attacks

A

a child finds that get more attention when they have a panic attack. These could become more frequent and become difficult to stop.

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10
Q

explain social learning theory

A

behaviours are learned by seeing others being rewarded or punished.

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11
Q

One strength of this is it overcomes the ethical issues of labelling, explain this strength

A

It focuses on the behaviour so states that it is nobody’s` fault which means the patient will not feel ashamed or disheartened as they know it is not their fault. It focuses on maladaptive behaviour.

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12
Q

Another strength of this theory is that it focuses on functioning, explain this strength

A

The person is more likely to seek treatment as they can “unlearn it”

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13
Q

Cultural differences is also a strength, explain

A

it focuses on individual culture of one person as it allows culture to be taken into account.

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14
Q

One weakness is that advocates claim the model does not look at the cause just the symptoms of the abnormality

A

The treatment is effective but only for a short period of time because they don’t find the root of the problem. It manifests in a different illness e.g. a phobia

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15
Q

Another is that it is reductionist explain

A

Too simplistic as its a limited view. All mental illness are learnt, doesn’t take into account biological/cognitive factors?! Applies mainly to phobias only

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16
Q

TREATMENTS

what are the 2 treatments called?

A

systematic desensitisation

aversion therapy

17
Q

TREATMENTS

what is the aim of SD?

A

use reverse conditioning to replace a maladaptive response.

18
Q

TREATMENTS

what is the procedure in SD?

A

1-teach the individual how to relax
2- hierarchy of anxiety-provoking situations, they increase each time.
3-In Vivo or in Vitro- actually do it
4-reciprocal inhibition- anxiety and relaxation cant work together.
5-treatment compete when the client is desensitised

19
Q

TREATMENTS

what does in vivo mean?

A

real- the object is actually moving closer

20
Q

TREATMENTS

what does in vitro mean?

A

imagined- the object is being imagined getting closer

21
Q

TREATMENTS EVALUATION

what is a strength of SD?

A

there is research support, there is an ability to tolerate of imagine stressful situations so can get better-vivo is much more successful.

22
Q

TREATMENTS EVALUATION

what is a weakness of SD?

A

it doesn’t find the cause of the problem so will likely manifest in another illness
Its short term also

23
Q

TREATMENTS EVALUATION

is SD unethical?

A

it can be said to be in in vivo. The client may not get cured but can be very traumatized.

24
Q

TREATMENTS EVALUATION

is SD unethical?

A

it can be said to be in in vivo. The client may not get cured but can be very traumatized.

25
Q

TREATMENTS

what is the aim of aversion therapy

A

to rid a person of an undesirable habit by pairing with an undesirable consequence.

26
Q

TREATMENTS

what is an example of aversion therapy using nail biting

A

use a special nail varnish which tastes disgusting to stop those biting their nails

27
Q

TREATMENTS EVALUATION AT

is it ethical?

A

the therapists cant predict whether there will be any reactions or side effects

28
Q

TREATMENTS EVALUATION AT

normally combined therapies are at work when aversion therapy is being used, explain

A

it gives a window of opportunity so the client can experience both methods

29
Q

TREATMENTS

there is another treatment called behaviour modification, what is its aim/.

A

to reinforce positive behaviour

30
Q

TREATMENTS EVALUATION

the behaviour modification is used in prisons for example with tokens, outline this

A

tokens are given for good behaviour but as soon as leaving the prison, bad habits return