Explanation of forgetting:retrieval failure Flashcards
1 strength + cp /1 strength/ 1 limitation
One strength of retrieval
P- cues can help to overcome some forgetting in everyday situations
E- although cues may not have a strong effect on forgetting baddeley suggests they are still worth paying attention to
EG. forgetting something in a different room
E- when we have trouble remembering something it is worth making the effort to recall the environment in which you learnt it first
T- research can remind of strategies we use in the real-world to improve our recall
One strength of retrieval + cp
P- impressive range of research that support the retrieval failure explanation
E- studies by golden/baddely and cassaday/ Carter
E- studies show that a lack of relevant cues at recall can lead to context-dependent and state- dependent forgetting in everyday life
E-memory researchers mark/Michael(2010) argue that retrieval failure is perhaps the main forgetting from ltm
T- retrieval failure occurs in real-world situations as well as in the highly controlled conditions of the lab
CP- baddely argues that context effects are not very strong especially in everyday life, different contexts have to be very different indeed before the effect is seen, in contrast learning something is one room to then recall is an other doesn’t have much of a different environment difference, so forgetting won’t be common
CPT- retrieval failure due to a lack of contextual cues may not explain much everyday forgetting.
One limitation of retrieval
P- context effects may depend substantially on the type of memory being tested
E-baddely replicated the underwater study but used a recognition test instead of recall
E- participants had to recognise a word read to them from a list
E- when recognition was tested there was no context - dependant effect , performance was the same in all four conditions
T- retrieval failure is a limited explanation for forgetting as it only applies when a person has to recall information rather than recognise it.
