Explain two consequences of... 8 marks Flashcards
Consequence 1:
Point - It created tension between USA and Britain
Evidence - Stalin wanted to open a second front in West Europe to draw the German troops away from the East.
Churchill wanted to open a second front in the Balkans, not in the West.
Explanation - Roosevelt sided with Stalin and Britain was forced to agree with the USA to open a second front in France may May 1944.
This caused tension between the USA and Britain as it seemed that the good relations between Stalin and Roosevelt might create a position where big three = big two.
Consequence 2:
Point - Germany had to withdraw troops from the Eastern Front.
Evidence -the USA and Britain agreed to invade France by May 1944.
They invaded France on June 6th, 1944 as promised.
Explanation - Eased pressure on the eastern front, German troops sent to France instead.
Explain two consequences of the Yalta Conference
Consequence 1:
Point - One consequence of the Tehran conference was the division of Germany.
Evidence - Germany was divided into 4 zones controlled by Britain, the USA, the Soviet Union, and USSR.
Each country was allowed to govern its sector as it saw fit.
Explanation - Stalin believed he’d been given the poorest sector of Germany, leading to tension between east and west, worse relations between the powers, Germany became an area of tension.
Consequence 2:
Point - Suspicion between Stalin and the USA/Britain.
Evidence - Failed to agree on how Poland should be governed. Stalin - wanted a pro-Moscow government,
The USA supported ‘London Poles” who were non-communists.
Explanation - Stalin wanted a communist gov in Poland - part of his plan to build a buffer zone, he saw the actions of the USA/Britain as an attempt to undermine soviet security. Relations worsened.
Explain two consequences of the Postdam Conference
Consequence 1:
Point:
-Increased tensions between the West and USSR
Evidence:
-Stalin (USSR): communist, wanted to spread communism throughout eastern Europe.
-The West: democratic capitalism. Truman was extremely against communism and wanted to prevent Stalin’s influence.
-the day after the Tehran conference Truman tested an atomic bomb, in order to threaten USSR
Explanation:
- Western powers and the soviet union had different ideal outcomes of ww2. Tension due to this.
Consequence 2:
Point:
- End of Grand Alliance
Evidence:
- Roosevelt’s death led to Truman becoming president of the US and he was much more distrustful of the soviet union.
-separated by ideological difference (communism vs. capitalism.
-Stalin wanted to punish Germany more harshly, he was also frustrated that the USSR received the poorest part of
Germany
Explanation:
Wartime alliance turned into peacetime hostility by mutual suspicion and disagreements.
Explain two consequences of Kennan’s long Telegram
In 1946
Consequence 1:
Point:
Rise in tensions between east and west, as the message worried Americans.
Evidence:
-George Kennan reported that Stalin wanted to see the destruction of capitalism.
-Reported that Stalin felt that the world outside of the SU was trying to destroy communism.
Explanation:
-Americans felt threatened by the thought of the destruction of capitalism.
-Therefore, lead to distrust between communist and capitalist.
-This led to the belief that there should be a determined policy of ‘containment’ to stop communism from spreading.
Consequence 2:
Point: Lead to the marshal plan.
Evidence:
-Telegram confirmed Trumans worst fears.
-Said that USSR wanted to spread communism through Europe.
-Many European countries were weak after the war
-In bad economic conditions, communism looked attractive.
-Meant Stalin did not need to fight a war to spread communism, just to influence the discontented.
-Truman doctrine: March 1947, economic aid package to Greece and Turkey.
-the USA provided 400 million and sent military personnel to the region.
Explanation: Long Telegram spurred America into action against the spread of communism.
Explain two consequences of Novikov’s Telegram
In 1946
Consequence 1:
Point:
-Deteriorated relations between the USA and the Soviet Union further.
Evidence:
-Telegram reported that the USA wanted to use massive military power to dominate the world.
-Since the death of Roosevelt, America no longer wanted to cooperate with USSR.
Explanation:
-Causes tension as America had a very strong military, so the threat did not seem highly unlikely.
Consequence 2:
Point: As a result of the telegram, USSR felt the need to secure a buffer zone in Eastern Europe.
Evidence:
-USSR had. already been invaded twice by Germany.
-Telegram suggested that America was prepared to use its massive military power to dominate the world
Explanation:
-Threat of America using its massive military power to dominate the world hurried the development of the satellite states.
Explain two consequences of the ‘Iron Curtain” speech
March 1946
Consequence 1:
Point:
-Showed Britain’s anti-soviet views, strengthening the feeling of the west against the USSR.
Evidence:
-Speech made it plain that he thought USSR was a threat.
Explanation:
-Though he was no longer British Priminister, his views were still very influential, and so represented British attituded towards SU.
-Increased tension and mistrust.
Consequence 2:
Point:
-It Intensified the growing hostility between East and West.
Evidence:
-Increase tension and mistrust.
-led to USSR strengthening its forces.
-USSR stepped-up campaign of anti-Western propaganda.
Explanation:
-Was speaking in the USA so must have cleared their speech with Truman first, showing Truman’s support of his attitudes.
-Lead Stalin to believe that what Churchill said was reflecting American beliefs too.
Explain two consequences of the Warsaw Uprising 1944
Point:
-Poland becomes a Soviet satellite state.
Evidence:
-After it was liberated, Soviet troops remained and a new government was formed in June 1945 dominated by communist-sympathizing ‘Lublin’ Poles.
-Opposition leaders were assassinated and imprisoned before a rigged vote in 1947 gave the communists 80% of the vote.
Explanation:
Now controlled by a pro-communist government.
Consequence 2:
Point: London Poles Forced to flee.
Evidence:
-After the “free” elections of 1947, London Poles were forced to flee or face imprisonment.
Explanation:
Completely USSR influenced, no influence from the west.
Explain two consequences of the Truman Doctrine
Truman Doctrine March 1947
- Speech announcing economic aid package to Greece and Turkey.
- the USA provided 400 million and sent military personnel to the region.
Consequence 1:
Point:
-Truman’s attitudes were made clear, which intensified mistrust and tension between East and West.
Evidence:
-Saw speech as an opportunity to make a statement about the differences between communism and democracy.
-Believed choosing democracy over communism was like choosing good over evil.
Explanation:
-Worsened relations, as it was a threat to communism and showed Truman’s feelings about the subject.
Consequence 2:
Point:
-Isolationism was replaced by a containment policy.
Evidence:
-Truman said, “communism should not be allowed to grow and that USA was prepared to send troops and economic aid to those in countries trying to resist communism.”
Explanation:
-Isolationism means not getting involved in the affairs of others.
-Containment is limiting the spread of something, which was in this case communism, so by aiding countries to do this, they were getting involved in other countries affairs.
Explain two consequences of the Marshal plan
In June 1947 - the USA had not suffered the same damages to industry and infrastructure, so was in a place to provide economic aid to European countries.
-Practical outcome of the Truman Doctrine.
Consequence 1:
Point: Marshal Plan successfully tied European countries to the USA.
Evidence:
-Between 1948 and 1952, the USA gave 12.7 billion dollars of aid.
-In addition to 13 billion given before the Marshal Plan.
Explanation:
-Stalin created his own economic aid: Comecon.
-Europe was now divided into 2 economic-political camps.
Consequence 2:
Point: Stalin’s suspicion of the West was reinforced.
Evidence:
-Criticised the Marshal plan, calling it ‘Dollar imperialism’.
-Thought it was undermining the role of the United Nations, by America thinking it was its job to protect the world.
-Stalin argued it was using economic might to divide Europe in two and establish an economic American empire.
Explanation:
-All lingering belief in the grand alliance was gone.
-the USA had set itself up in direct opposition to the communist USSR.
-He believed he now had evidenced that the USA was trying to crush the Soviet Union.
Explain two consequences of the Greek Civil War
Consequence 1:
Point: The Truman doctrine
Evidence:
-In 1947, the British government announces it can no longer provide military support in Greece.
-In March 1947, Truman Doctrine.
-Speech announcing economic aid package to Greece and Turkey.
-the USA provided 400 million and sent military personnel to the region.
Explanation:
-the USA had not suffered the same damages to industry and infrastructure, so was in a place to provide economic aid to European countries, where Britain no longer could.
Consequence 2: Point: The Marshal's plan Evidence: -In June 1947 -Between 1948 and 1952, the USA gave 12.7 billion dollars of aid to Europe to help countries like Greece or in the same position. Explanation: -Greek Civil war caused concern in America about communism spreading through Europe. -Pushed them to release aid plans.
Explain two consequences of the formation of Cominform
1947
Consequence 1:
Point:
-Gave Stalin a new way of directing and controlling the governments of the Satellite states.
Evidence:
-Members of the communist parties of France, Italy, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia.
Explanation:
-Stalin, therefore, had lots of influence.
Consequence 2:
Point:
-Further tensions between west and East, as East isolates itself from the west even more.
Evidence:
-Encouraged to trade with other coniform members.
-discouraged all contact with non-communist countries.
-1st meeting, rejected Marshal Plan and began to spread propaganda accusing America of being no different from the Nazis.
Explanation:
-Propaganda was provoking for America and set people’s views against them.
-The cut-off from the non-communist basically meant cut-off from the west, so this caused tension.
Explain two consequences of the formation of Comecon
1949 - Replacement for Marshal Plan for Eastern European countries.
Consequence 1:
Point:
-Further isolated trade and contact with the West.
Evidence:
-Trade with the USA and Western Europe was discouraged.
-Trade with Comecon members encouraged.
-Bulgaria’s trade with Comecon countries increased from 10% in the 1930s to over 90% in 1951.
Explanation:
Not very reliant on the West so increased mistrust.
Consequence 2:
point:
-Increase tension and played a significant part in a new military alliance between the USA and Western Europe.
Evidence:
-NATO was formed in April 1949.
-USA, France, Britain, and 9 other Western countries.
Explanation:
-Felt threatened by the growing strength of the Soviet Union, felt the need to form a Military alliance to protect themselves.
-Increased tension hugely, America had a formal military alliance with Western Europe.
Explain two consequences of the Berlin Blockade
Consequence 1:
Point: Formation of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Evidence:
-3 days after the end of the blockade, USA, France, and Britain permitted their zones to come together as a state know as the federal republic of Germany.
-The new country was much bigger than east Germany.
-Had a democratically elected chancellor.
-The western-controlled zone of Berlin became known as West Berlin.
Explanation:
-After the Berlin blockade, it was clear the division of Germany would continue.
-West allies hurried to create a separate West Germany.
Consequence 2:
Point:
-Caused the Formation of the german democratic republic.
Evidence:
-Stalin too created the ‘German Democratic Republic’ in 1949.
Explanation:
-After the Berlin blockade, it was clear the division of Germany would continue.
-Stalin responded by creating the democratic republic of Germany.
Explain two consequences of Operation Vittles
Consequence 1:
Point: Increased appreciation for the West.
Evidence:
-People of West Berlin and Western troops in berlin joined forces to build new runways for supplies to land.
-Ordinary citizens helped to unload plains.
-America and Britain were able to fly in 1000 tonnes of supplies each, every day.
Explanation:
-Made West look like Heroes, Pilots risking their lives to bring food.
-The joining of the people of West Berling and the Western troops showed their support for the West.
-Increase the popularity of the West.
Consequence 2:
Point: Made Stalin look unwise and aggressive, increasing tension.
Evidence:
-Soviets lifted the Blockade on 9 May 1949.
-No allied casualties.
Explanation:
-The lift of the Blockade meant Stalin’s attempt to win a propaganda victory over Britain, France, and the USA had backfired. The West had won, and come out Heroes.
-The west responding peacefully made Stalin’s actions look aggressive and unwise.
-Stalin lost face, increasing tensions.
Explain two consequences of the formation of the federal republic of Germany
Consequence 1:
Point: The formation of the German Democratic Republic.
Evidence:
-Stalin responded by creating the Democratic Republic of Germany in 1949.
Explanation:
-Faced with the Federal Republic of Germany, Stalin felt he had no choice but to create his own state.
Consequence 2:
Point: Played role in the formation of the Warsaw Pact.
Evidence:
-the Federal Republic of Germany was allowed to join NATO in May 1955.
-Within a week of West Germany joining NATO, the Soviet Union had an equivalent communist defensive military alliance.
Explanation:
-Stalin felt there was now a real danger of an armed and powerful Germany on the borders of Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe.
Explain two consequences of the formation of the German Democratic Republic
Consequence 1:
Point: Intensified tension between the East and West.
Evidence:
-Formed in October 1949
-Only 5 months after West Germany formed
Explanation:
-Resistance against the Western world.
-Stalin felt that the Western World was ganging up against communism and the Soviet Union.
-Showed a true divide in the two worlds and increased the tension of the cold war.
Consequence 2:
Point: Set the foundations for the Berlin Wall.
Evidence:
-in 1961, the Berlin Wall was built.
Explanation:
-German was now separate, governed by the communists and the Trizonian government.
-Meeting where communism and capitalism could be compared side by side.
-The bad conditions in the communist East German eventually led to the Berlin Wall being put in place to stop people from crossing from one to the other.
