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ACBSP > ExPhys, Strength, and Conditioning > Flashcards

ExPhys, Strength, and Conditioning Flashcards

1
Q

Definition:

Aerobic

A

Definition:

With Oxygen

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2
Q

Definition:

Anaerobic

A

Definition:

Without Oxygen

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3
Q

Definition:

Exercise Duration

A

Definition:

The amount of time that the athlete spends training per session

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4
Q

Definition:

Exercise Frequency

A

Definition:

The number of times per week the athlete trains

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5
Q

Definition:

Exercise Mode

A

Definition:

The form of exercise performed

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6
Q

Definition:

Exercise Intensity

A

Definition:

How hard the athlete is training

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7
Q

How is the Exercise Intensity determined?

A

Amount of weight lifted
Number of repetitions performed
Heart Rate… etc

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8
Q

Definition:

Interval Training

A

A predefined and alternating spacing of exercise and rest periods

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9
Q

Which parts of interval training can be manipulated?

A 
Rest periods (length, active v static)
Exercise Bouts (intensity, mode, duration, number of intervals)
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10
Q

Definition:

Relief Interval

A

Definition:

Recovery period, measured in time or distance

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11
Q

Definition:

Work Interval

A

Definition:

The training period, measured by time or distance

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12
Q

Definition:

Work/Relief Interval Ratio

A

Definition:

The ratio of work interval to relief interval

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13
Q

The Work/Relief Interval for ATP/PC

A

The Work/Relief Interval is 1:3+

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14
Q

The Work/Relief Interval for LA

A

The Work/Relief Interval is 1:2

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15
Q

The Work/Relief Interval for O2

A

The Work/Relief Interval is 1:1

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16
Q

Why are agonist and antagonist outdated?

A

Each phase of a sport must be evaluated for muscle action, muscle roles can switch in different phases of general movements.

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17
Q

Definition:

Stabilizer Muscles

A

Definition:

Muscles that specialize in joint control and concentricity

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18
Q

Where are stabilizer muscles located in relation to the joint?

A

Stabilizer muscles are located close to or deep within the joint.

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19
Q

In which direction do stabilizer muscle fibers run?

A

Stabilizer muscle fibers run horizontal to the plane of the joint.

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20
Q

When do stabilizer muscles contract?

A

Stabilizer muscles contract with most motions of the joint, especially if the joint motion is rapid.

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21
Q

Which muscles are considered to be more of a stabilizer?

A 
Transverse Abdominus
Multifidus
Rotator Cuff
VMO
Posterior Glute Medius
Deep Longus Capitus
Longus Colli
Semispinalis Cervicus
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22
Q

What is stabilizer muscle integrity dependent on?

A

Stabilizer muscle integrity it dependent on muscle stiffness.

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23
Q

What is muscle stiffness dependent on?

A

Alpha and Gamma motor loops with the CNS.

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24
Q

What are the 2 components of muscle stiffness?

A

Intrinsic Stiffness

Reflex Mediated Stiffness

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25
Q

Definition:

Intrinsic Stiffness

A

Definition:

The viscoelastic properties of the muscle and tendon

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26
Q

What determines the viscoelastic properties of muscle?

A

Actin and Myosin

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27
Q

Definition:

Reflex Mediated Stiffness

A

Definition:

Stiffness dependent on the excitability of the motor neuron pool

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28
Q

What is the excitability of the motor neuron pool dependent on?

A

Muscle spindle action and the feed-forward system

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29
Q

What has poor muscle stiffness been associated with?

A

Poor muscle stiffness has been associated with poor joint stabilization.

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30
Q

What happens when the local stabilizer muscles are partially contracted?

A

Partial contraction of stabilization muscles increases proprioceptive acuity of the joint through enhanced sensory properties and improved stiffness.

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31
Q

Definition:

Co-contraction

A

Definition:

When multiple stabilizer muscles activate to further stabilize a joint

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32
Q

Definition:

Reciprocal Inhibition

A

Definition:

Where agonist muscle activation relaxes the antagonist muscle

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33
Q

Does reciprocal inhibition play a role in co-contraction?

A

No, a special neural loop program bypasses reciprocal inhibition during co-contraction?

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34
Q

When is co-contraction most effective?

A

Co-contraction is most effective when the muscle is in mid-range/neutral position.

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35
Q

What may diminish “natural” co-contraction?

A

Unidirectional strength training

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36
Q

What are the benefits of oscillatory stabilization training?

A

Neutral joint range
Co-contraction occurs
Multi-directional
Can be sport/motion specific

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37
Q

A working muscle needs _____ more blood than at rest

A

70x

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38
Q

How do rhythmic activities improve the efficiency of blood flow?

A

The “milking action” of alternating contraction and relaxation assists with pushing blood back to the heart.

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39
Q

Is Blood Pressure higher when training UpEx or LowEx?

A

Training UpEx increases Blood Pressure, bigger concern for hypertension.

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40
Q

During the onset of activity, the increase in blood pressure is due to:

A

Inc demand for blood flow
Delay in vascular dilation response
Autonomic response from cognitive thoughts

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41
Q

Definition:

Blood Flow

A

Definition:

O2 and Glucose delivery, exhaust of biproducts

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42
Q

Loop:

Autonomic Response from Cognitive Thoughts

A

Loop:

Feed Forward = thought of training increases muscle tone

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43
Q

Blood pressure decrease is due to:

A

Dilation of arterioles of the working muscles

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44
Q

Why is an active cool down necessary?

A

Dilation of the arterioles do not return to normal tone properly, vascular pooling occurs, muscle contraction results in “muscle pump” to assist with pushing blood back to the heart

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45
Q

At what percent of maximal contraction is the blood is a muscle occluded?

A

60%

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46
Q

What happens during static or isometric contractions?

A

Stopped blood flow creates an anaerobic environment, further requiring muscles to use glycolysis, resulting in more pain producing by products.

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47
Q

Muscle Contraction Step 1

A

Ca lands on troponin, causes the tropomyosin to “tighten” within the helix/groove of the actin filament, uncovering an active actin site.

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48
Q

Muscle Contraction Step 2

A

Myosin head is attracted to the active actin site. Contact causes reflexive contraction until ATPase (cone - Mg) cleaves a phosphate off the ATP. Myosin is then released from the active actin site. Myosin head will grab next site if available.

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49
Q

Muscle Relaxation

A

Neurological stimulation ceased
Ca pumped back into T-tubule
Troponin has nothing to grab, tropomyosin regains original shape covering up the active actin site

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50
Q

2 Classes of Muscle Types

A

Type I, Slow Twitch, Red Fibers

Type II, Fast Twitch, White Fibers

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51
Q

Definition:

Slow Twitch, Type I

A 
Definition:
Fatigue resistant
Less ATPase
Slower contraction rate
More, bigger mitochondria
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52
Q

Definition:

Fast Twitch, Type II

A 
Definition:
Fatiguability
More ATPase
Faster contraction rate
More Ca cycling
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53
Q

Types of Fast Twitch Fibers

A

Type IIa
Type IIb
Type IIc
Type X

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54
Q

Definition:

Type IIa Fibers

A

Intermediate fiber that maintains ability for aerobic and anaerobic function

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55
Q

Definition:

Type IIb Fibers

A

More purely anaerobic fibers

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56
Q

Definition:

Type IIc and Type X

A

Recently typed, unsure of functionality

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57
Q

Definition:

ACTN3

A

Gene that encodes the protein Alpha-Actinin-3, structural proteins in the Z line, related to the speed of contraction.

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58
Q

How long does it take to convert Muscle Fiber Typing?

A

About 6 weeks

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59
Q

Definition:

The “Size Principle” of muscle recruitment

A

Definition:
Smaller units fire first, followed by larger ones.
Type I, Type IIa, Type IIb

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60
Q

Definition:

Motor Unit

A

Definition:

An alpha motor unit and all the muscle fibers it innervates

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61
Q

Small motor units act as stabilizers or mobilizers?

A

Stabilizers

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62
Q

Large motor units act as stabilizers or mobilizers?

A

Mobilizers

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63
Q

Which type of contractions are commonly a component of muscle injury?

A

Eccentric contractions

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64
Q

Eccentric Contractions are typically associated with:

A

Pain
Muscle swelling
Hyper contracture
Loss of Protein

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65
Q

What may happen during the overstretch of the sarcomere during eccentric contraction?

A

cell membrane damage causing an unwanted influx of Ca and Na leading to inflammation and pain

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66
Q

Which form of condition was more efficient in establishing strength gains?

A

Eccentric

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67
Q

Definition:

Fatigue

A

Definition:

A potential cause of injury due to deconditioning

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68
Q

Glycolytic Fatigue Theory

A

Glycolysis causes build up of CrP, Pyruvate, and LA byproducts
LA creates acidic environment slowing the force relaxation rate
CrP binds with Ca, decreasing available Ca available for contraction

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69
Q

Oxygen Fatigue Theory

A

Decreased O2 to working muscles forces anaerobic metabolism, primarily in slow twitch fibers

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70
Q

CNS Fatigue Theory

A

Decreased neural input to the brain
Decreased stimulation to the alpha motor neurons
Sensation of pain

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71
Q

PNS Fatigue Theory

A

Decreased excitation coupling at the NMJ.
Slowed relaxation rate
At 10% drop in force contraction, velocity of contraction is affected
Fatigue is noticeable when power is affected

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72
Q

Definition:

DOMS or DLR

A

Definition:

Delayed Low-Frequency Recovery

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73
Q

Causes of DLR

A

Acidic environment
High Ca levels
Microtrauma to muscle fibers
High free radical levels

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74
Q

Treatments for DLR

A 
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Rehydration
Massage
Tart Cherry Juice
NOT cold immersion
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75
Q

Definition:

Muscle Coordination Principle

A

Definition:
Interaction controls the level of muscle activity output, small to large pattern of recruitment for efficient muscle contraction

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76
Q

Definition:

Connective Tissues

A

Add bulk to muscle
Assist with transmission of force
Plays a passive role in joint capsule and ligaments

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77
Q

Adaptation to increased loads, muscle vs connective tissue

A

Muscle - Days

CT - weeks-months

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78
Q

Definition:

Training

A

Definition:
The regular, systematic, and goal oriented application of exercise, over a period of time, which results in physiological adaptations

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79
Q

Definition:

Overload Principle

A

Definition:

A physiologic process must be challenged safely for the body to “learn” how to function more efficiently.

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80
Q

How is an Overload achieved?

A

Manipulating combinations of frequency, intensity, mode, and duration

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81
Q

Definition:

Individual Differences Principle

A

Definition:
Training benefits are optimized when programs are planned to meet the individuals needs and capacities of the participants.

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82
Q

Definition:

Reversibility Principle

A

Definition:
The effects of a regular exercise program are transient and reversible. Detraining occurs rapidly, can be noticed after 1-2 weeks.

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83
Q

Definition:

The SAID Principle

A

Definition:
Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands
Overload + Specificity + Individual Differences + Reversibiity

84
Q

What is the risk of MI during vigorous physical exertion?

A

2-6x higher

85
Q

What are the most common injuries from weight training?

A

Low back, Shoulders, and Knees

86
Q

How to reduce risk of MI?

A

The more you exercise each week, the lower the risk.

87
Q

Do free weights produce more injuries than machines?

A

NO

88
Q

Definition:

Conditioning for Power

A

Definition:

The ability to accelerate and decelerate with strength and speed

89
Q

Examples of power in an athletic setting

A

Olympic Lifiting
Clean and Jerk
Volleyball
Boxing

90
Q

How can you use bodyweight for power training?

A

Plyometrics

91
Q

3 Phases of Plyometrics

A

Eccentric
Amortization
Concentric

92
Q

How to train Plyo for Power

A

Freq: 1-3 workouts a week
Volume: 80-100, 100-120, 120-140 foot contacts per workout
Recover: 5-10 seconds max jumps/reps, 2-3 min between sets
Intensity: Volume/Distance Traveled

93
Q

Definition:

Complex Training

A

Definition:

Combination of strength training and speed/power training

94
Q

Definition:

Speed Training

A

Definition:

The ability to move a limb or ones center of gravity as fast as physically/neurologically possible

95
Q

Methods for Power Training

A

Free Weights
Machines - Russian Leaper
Body Weight

96
Q

Methods for Speed Training

A

Free Weights, less resistance and faster pace
Overspeed training
Body weight

97
Q

Definition:

Overspeed training

A

Running downhill

98
Q

Components of speed training

A

Genetics
Mechanical
Neuro-regulatory
Stride

99
Q

Mechanical components of speed training

A

Fasciculus size
Tendon length
Level arm length

100
Q

Neuro-regulatory components of speed training

A

Motor unit size
Neuro firing sensitivity
Neuro firing efficiency

101
Q

Stride components of speed training

A

Frequency improved with overspeed training, plyo, assisted running, plyo
Length improved with joint AROM and PROM exercises ,m strength training, uphill running

102
Q

How to improve running speed

A

Engram development
Form drills to enhance functional end range
Form error corrections

103
Q

Definition:

Engram Development

A

Definition:

Reinforced motor learning to create efficient movement

104
Q

Types of running Form Drills

A

High Knees and Butt Kickets

105
Q

Types of Form Errors

A

Head Sway,. Arm Swing, body Lean, Relaxed v Tense

106
Q

Definition:

Fartlek Training or Metabolic Training

A

Definition:
A form of metabolic interval training for speed.
Near maximal sprints performed repeatedly followed by rest periods to a “recovery HR” ~65%
ATP-PC 1:3
LA 1:2
O2 1:1 or 1:5

107
Q

Definition:

Endurance Training

A

Definition:
The ability of a muscle group to execute repeated contractions over a period of time sufficient to cause muscular fatigue, or to maintain a specific percentage of the maximum voluntary contraction for a prolonged period of time

108
Q

Methods of endurance training

A

Less resistance, high rep
Aerobic machines
Body weight

109
Q

How to train for endurance

A

Freq: 3-5x/wk
Intensity: THR 70-90% max
20min minimum

110
Q

Definition:

THR

A

220-age * 70-90%

111
Q

Definition:

Oxygen Debt

A

Definition:

Amount of time up front where muscles were not getting the O2 needed, and were functioning anaerobically.

112
Q

Definition:

Strength Training

A

Definition:

The maximal force that can be generated by a specific muscle group

113
Q

How to train for strength

A

Intensity and volume determined by >80% of 1RM

114
Q

Method for training strength

A

High resistance with low reps
Grips - Pronate, Supinate, Alternate, False/Open
Prep multi-joint movement with single-joint movement on machines, circuit training is 40-60% of 1RM

115
Q

Advantages or chains and bands

A

Allows for greater than 1RM to be applied through the stronger arc of the lift, as opposed to the “sticking” point

116
Q

Definition:

Super Setting

A

Definition:

Strength conditioning via training antagonist muscle groups with little rest between sets

117
Q

Definition:

Compound Setting

A

Definition:

2 or more exercises for the same muscle groups with little rest

118
Q

Definition:

Complex Training

A

Definition:
Weight training followed by plyometric like activities.
Limited to pre- and post-season, NOT in-season

119
Q

Definition:

Corridor Theory

A

Definition:

Physiological change will only occur in the motor units that have been BOTH RECRUITED and EXHAUSTED during a set.

120
Q

Corridor Theory if too little rest

A

Different motor units will be recruited, changing motor program

121
Q

Corridor Theory if too much rest

A

Recovery of formerly exhausted units

122
Q

When does muscle atrophy start with age?

A

1%/yr after 40

123
Q

Potential causes for sarcopenia in aging populations?

A 
Programmed cell death
Oxidative stress
Alterations in protein turnover
Inflammation
Hormonal Dysregulation
Disuse
Mitochondrial Dysfunction
124
Q

How long can muscle mass be produced while aging?

A

Through the 9th decade

125
Q

Benefit of resistance training in the elderly

A

Increased mitochondrial capacity
Reduce markers of oxidative stress
Increase antioxidant enzyme activity

126
Q

What is the mitochondrial reaction to aging?

A

Lower mitochondrial enzyme activity and protein synthesis
An increase in mitochondrial DNA deletions, reduction in DNA content
Increase in oxidative stress

127
Q

Effects of Immobilization

A

Leads to atrophy of skeletal muscle, functional result of fiber atrophy, usually Type IIb fibers
Affects strength and power

128
Q

Definition:

Overtraining

A

Definition:

The result of an extended imbalance of training and recovery.

129
Q

Subjective of Initial Overtraining Stage

A

Fatigue and staleness

130
Q

Subjective stages of Overtraining

A

Decreased performance

Injury possibility

131
Q

Overtraining Solutions

A

Regular physical testing
Questionnaires
Opinion of intensity of session
Sprinting test is most sensitive

132
Q

Overtraining recovery

A 
Takes weeks
Decrease training
Increase rest
Good nutrition
Hydrate
Quality sleep
133
Q

Intensity for endurance training

A

Aerobic capacity improves if exercise is of sufficient intensity to increase HR to 70% of HRmax

134
Q

Endurance training threshold method

A

Exercise at a HR of about 60% of the difference between resting and maximal HRs.

135
Q

Definition:

Karvonen’s Formula

A

Definition:

HRthreshold = 0.6(HRmax - HRrest) + HRrest

136
Q

3 exercise systems to inc muscle strength

A

Isotonic
Isometric
Isokinetic

137
Q

Definition:

Isotonic

A

Definition:

Same tension or strain

138
Q

Definition:

Isometric

A

Definition:

Same distance

139
Q

Definition:

Isokinetic

A

Definition:

Same speed

140
Q

Definition:

Concentric contractions

A

Definition:

Involved working muscle groups shorten

141
Q

Definition:

Eccentric contraction

A

Definition:

Involved working muscle groups lengthen

142
Q

Power training system

A

Low reps
Low weight
High speed

143
Q

Strength training system

A

Low reps
High weight
Slow-moderate speed

144
Q

Endurance training system

A

High reps
Low weight
Slow-moderate speed

145
Q

Endurance Frequency

A

3x/week

36-48 hours recovery inbetween

146
Q

Endurance Duration

A

Aerobic: To tolerance
Anaerobic: Dependent on energy stores

147
Q

Endurance Mode

A

Patient capability

Patient preference

148
Q

Writing a Program

A
  1. Biological adaptation for improved performance in specific tasks
  2. Define a goal
  3. Pre-program fitness level statistics
  4. Reasonable and achievable
  5. Progressive improvements, variety of training, use of facilities, some competition, and periodic testing
  6. Warm-ups before strenuous training is controversial
  7. Cool-downs are necessary
149
Q

The parts of a program

A

Mode
Frequency
Duration
Intensity

150
Q

Definition:

Periodization

A

Definition:

The cycling of intensity, volume, and specificity used to reach peak performance.

151
Q

Why use periodization?

A

Reduces risk of overtraining

152
Q

3 cycles

A

Macro - 1 year
Meso - 2+ per macro
Micro - 1 week

153
Q

Meso cycles

A

Preparatory phase
Competition phase
Transition phase

154
Q

Which energy system uses stored phosphagens as the substrate?

A

ATP-PCr energy system

155
Q

Which substrate does the ATP-PCr energy system use?

A

Stored Phosphagens

156
Q

Which energy system uses glycogen and glucose, but not fats or proteins, as the substrate?

A

Glycolytic energy system

157
Q

Which energy system uses glycogen, glucose, fats, and proteins as the substrate?

A

Aerobic Metabolic energy system

158
Q

Which substrate does the Glycolytic energy system use?

A

Glycogen and Glucose, not fats or proteins

159
Q

Which substrate does the Aerobic Metabolic energy system use?

A

Glycogen, Glucose, Fats, and Proteins

160
Q

How is phosphate bond energy aquired?

A

ATP -> ADP + P + Energy

161
Q

How does the PCr energy system create ATP?

A

PCr + ADP -> Cr + ATP

162
Q

What is the Adenylate kinase reaction?

A

2ADP -> 1 ATP + 1 AMP

163
Q

Definition: What is Biological Burning?

A

Definition: The removal of electrons from hydrogen (oxidation), passed to oxygen (reduction)

164
Q

Definition: Electron Transport

A

Definition: Catalysis by dehydrogenase enzymesNAD, FAD

165
Q

Definition: Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

Definition: The transfer of electrons from NADH2 and FADH2 to Oxygen

166
Q

What are the three primary antioxidant systems?

A

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)CatalaseGlutathione Peroxidase (GPx)

167
Q

What does Superoxide Dismutase do?

A

Dismutation of Superoxide (ROS) to H2O2 and oxygen

168
Q

What does Catalase do?

A

Converts H2O2 to water and oxygen

169
Q

What does GPx do?

A

Uses reduced glutathione to reduce H2O2 to oxidized glutathione and water

170
Q

What is the enzymatic pathway for detoxification of ROS?

A

ROS + H2O -> (SOD) -> H2O2 + O2 H2O2 -> (Catalase & GPx) -> H20 + O2

171
Q

How are free radicals produced?

A

2-5% of all oxygen consumed in the mitochondria forms free radicals

172
Q

What are the three steps of energy transfer and exercise?

A

GlycolysisLactic Acid SystemRecovery from Exercise

173
Q

What is the rate limiting step of glycolysis?

A

Conversion of F6P to F-1,6-BiP, catalyzed by PFK

174
Q

Definition: Blood Lactate Threshold

A

Definition: Highest Oxygen Consumption with less than 1.0mM/L increase in Blood Lactate Accumulation

175
Q

Definition: Onset Blood Lactate Accumulation

A

Definition: A systematic increase to 4.0mM/L

176
Q

What is the role of Sodium Bicarbonate in athletic performance?

A

NaHCO3 acts as a buffer to counter acidity from Lactate accumulation

177
Q

What is the recommended starting dose for Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

0.2-0.4g/kg of body weight1-2hrs pre-exercisein flavored water or capsules

178
Q

Definition:Max VO2

A

Definition:The point at which oxygen consumption plateaus and shows no further increase in workload

179
Q

What is the Max VO2 in Women?

A

Runners - 65Swimmers - 56Sedentary - 39

180
Q

What is the Max VO2 in Men

A

Runners - 80Swimmers - 75Sedentary - 44

181
Q

Definition:Oxygen Deficit

A

Definition:The difference between the total oxygen consumed and the total oxygen that should have been consumed if a steady rate of aerobic metabolism has been reached at the start of the exercise

182
Q

Definition:Oxygen Debt (EPOC)

A

Definition:Oxygen consumed during the recovery that exceeds the amount of oxygen that would be consumed at resting levels.

183
Q

Definition:EPOC

A

Definition:Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption

184
Q

What is the smallest contractile unit of the skeletal muscle?

A

The Sarcomere

185
Q

<p>Definition:Muscle Unit</p>

A

<p>Definition:A single alpha motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that neuron activates</p>

186
Q 
Definition:
Cardiac Output (Q)
A

Definition:

HR (Hear Rate) x SV (Stroke Volume)

187
Q

Definition:

Stroke Volume

A

Definition:

The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in each cardiac cycle

188
Q

Which factors regulate Stroke Volume?

A

End-Diastolic Volume

Sympathetic Hormones

189
Q

What are the potential limiting factors in the Cardiovascular system?

A

Respiration
Central Circulation
Peripheral Circulation
Muscle Metabolism

190
Q

Definition:

Training Sensitive Zone

A

Definition:
220-age = MHR
70-90% of MHR for fitness

191
Q

What are the limitations on HR max regarding age populations?

A

HRmax in younger adults is overestimated, while it is underestimated in older adults

192
Q

Definition:

Karvonen Method

A

Definition:

Target HR = restingHR + Training Interval (MHR-restingHR)

193
Q

What is the Karvonen Method useful in determining?

A

Target HR per Training Interval (%)

194
Q

What are the cardiovascular adaptations to exercise?

A

RHR decreases

BP decreases

195
Q

Which part of the heart hypertrophies with aerobic training?

A

Left ventricular volume

196
Q

Which part of the heart hypertrophies with strength training?

A

Interventricular wall thickness

197
Q

Definition:

Cardiovascular Drift

A

Definition:
A progressive increase in HR and decrease in SV that begins approximately 10 minutes into prolonged moderate intensity exercise. Greater with hotter temperatures.

198
Q

Definition:

Heart Rate Variability

A

Definition:

The measurement of the interval between consecutive beats

199
Q

How is HRV measured?

A

The interval between successive normal complexes (N-N)

200
Q 
Definition:
Tidal Volume (TV)
A

Definition:

Normal breathing volume exchange

201
Q

Definition:

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

A

Definition:

Maximum possible to the upper end of TV

202
Q

Definition:

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

A

Definition:

Maximum Voluntary Respiration to lower end of TV

203
Q 
Definition:
Residual Volume (RV)
A

Definition:

Maximum Voluntary Respiration to Minimum possible

204
Q

Definition:

Functional Residual Capacity

A

Definition:

ERV + RV

205
Q

Definition:

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

A

Definition:

ACBSP (4 decks)

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