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ACBSP > Diagnostic Imaging > Flashcards

Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What is TACBS?

A 
Technical
Alignment
Cartilage
Bone
Soft Tissue
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2
Q

Which part of TACBS is key for trauma?

A

Alignment

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3
Q

What are the 4 Ds?

A

Detection (TACBS)
Description
DDX (Vindicate)
Decisions

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4
Q

What is VINDICATE?

A 
Vascular
Infection
Neoplasm
Drugs/Iatrogenic
Inflammatory
Congenital
AutoImmune
Trauma
Endocrine
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5
Q

Option for follow up?

A 
More X-ray
Advanced Imaging
Lab Work
Prognosis of care
Associations and compilations
Referral (BE SPECIFIC)
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6
Q

What type of advanced imaging for chest?

A

CT

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7
Q

What type of advanced imaging for gut?

A

U/S then CT

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8
Q

What type of advanced imaging for acute head?

A

CT

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9
Q

What type of advanced imaging for everything other than chest, gut, and acute head?

A

MRI

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10
Q

What are the 3 parts of a long bone?

A

Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis

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11
Q

What structure is between the Epiphysis and Metaphysis?

A

Epiphyseal Plate

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12
Q

Named Skull and Facial Fractures

A

Ping-Pong Fracture
Tripod Fracture (MC)
Le Fort

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13
Q

What is a Ping-Pong Fracture?

A

Depressed skull fx
Children
MOI: Broad deep depression

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14
Q

What is a Tripod Fracture?

A

Zygomatic arch, orbital, and maxillary process fx
MOST COMMON
MOI: Blow over malar eminence

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15
Q

What is a Le Fort Fracture?

A

Le Fort I - Maxilla and pterygoid plate
Le Fort II - Ethmoidal, maxillary orbit, and lateral maxilla
Le Fort III - Separated facial skeleton from skull

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16
Q

Named Cx Spine Fractures

A

Jefferson Fracture
Hangman’s Fracture
Teardrop Fracture
Clay Shoveler’s Fracture

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17
Q

What is a Jefferson Fracture?

A

Burst of C1

MOI: Axial compression

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18
Q

What is a Hangman’s Fracture?

A

Traumatic spondy

MOI: Hyperextension

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19
Q

What is a Teardrop Fracture?

A

Avulsion of a triangular shaped fragment from the anteroinferior corner
MOI: Acute hyperextension

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20
Q

What is a Clay Shoveler’s Fracture?

A

SP fracture C6-T2

MOI: Hyperflexion

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21
Q

Named Lumbar Fractures

A

Chance/Lap seat belt

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22
Q

What is a Chance/Lap belt Fracture?

A

Horizontal splitting of the spine and neural arch
MOST COMMON in upper lumbar
MOI: Auto accident

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23
Q

Named AVN of the spine

A

Kummel Disease

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24
Q

What is Kummel Disease?

A

AVN of the vertebral body

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25
Q

Named Rib/Sternum/SC Fractures

A

Tietze Syndrome
Golfer’s Fracture
Passion/Bear Hug Fracture

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26
Q

What is Tietze Syndrome?

A

Bening and Self limiting
Painful enlargement of the upper costal cartilage
MOI: after minor trauma

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27
Q

What is a Golfer’s Fracture?

A

Lateral margin rib fracture

MOI: Striking the ground instead of the ball

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28
Q

What is a Passion Fracture?

A

Rib fracture

MOI: Bear hugs

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29
Q

Named Pelvic Fractures

A

Straddle Fracture
Malgaigne’s Fracture
Bucket Handle Fracture

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30
Q

What is a Straddle Fracture?

A

Double vertical fracture of the ischiopubic ring

or dislocation of the pubis

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31
Q

What is a Malgaigne’s Fracture?

A

Double vertical fracture of one hemipelvis, superior pubic ramus and ischiopubic ramus
MOI: Vertical shearing force

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32
Q

What is a Bucket Handle Fracture?

A

Through the superior pubic ramus and ischiopubic junction

MOI: Oblique force impact to pelvis

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33
Q

Named AVN of the pelvis

A

Buchman
Milch
Pierson
Van Neck-Odelberg

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34
Q

Buchman AVN

A

AVN of the Iliac Crest

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35
Q

Milch AVN

A

AVN of the Ischial Apophysis

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36
Q

Pierson AVN

A

AVN of the Symphysis Pubis

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37
Q

Van Neck-Odelberg AVN

A

AVN of the Ischiopubic Synchondrosis

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38
Q

What is a SCFE?

A

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

MOI: >50% are non-trauma

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39
Q

Definition:

Salter-Harris Fractures

A

Definition:

Injury to the Growth Plate

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40
Q

Definition:

Type 1 Salter-Harris

A

Definition:

Fx Through the Growth Plate

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41
Q

Definition:

Type 2 Salter-Harris

A

Definition:
Fx Through Growth Plate and Metaphysis
MOST COMMON

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42
Q

Definition:

Type 3 Salter-Harris

A

Definition:

Fx Through Growth Plate and Epiphysis

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43
Q

Definition:

Type 4 Salter-Harris

A

Definition:

Fx Through all 3 Elements

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44
Q

Definition:

Type 5 Salter-Harris

A

Definition:

Crush Injury of the Growth Plate

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45
Q

Named Fracture Classification Systems of the Hip

A

Garden System
Evans System
Seinsheimer System

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46
Q

What is the Garden System of Femur Fracture?

A

Intercapsular Fractures
Type I - Incomplete/Impacted
Type II - Complete w/o Bone Displacement
Type III - Complete w/ partial Bone Displacement
Type IV - Complete w/ full Bone Displacement

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47
Q

What is the Evans System of Femur Fracture?

A

Intertrochanteric Fractures
Type I - Stable w/o displacement
Type II - Unstable w/ displacement

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48
Q

What is the Seinsheimer System of Femur Fracture?

A 
Subtrochanteric Fractures
Type I - Non-displaced
Type II - Two Part Fx
Type III - Three Part Fx
Type IV - Communited Fx (4+)
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49
Q

Named AVN of Hip

A

Legg-Calve-Perthe’s

Mandl

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50
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthe’s AVN

A

AVN of the Femoral Head

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51
Q

Mandl AVN

A

AVN of the Greater Trochanter

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52
Q

Named Fractures of the Knee

A 
Segond Fracture
Osgood-Schlatter
Sinding-Larson-Johansson
Bumper/Fender
Trampoline Fracture
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53
Q

What is a Segond Fracture?

A

Avulsion of the proximal tibia at the lateral joint capsule

MOI: Internal tibial rotation and knee flexion

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54
Q

What is a Osgood-Schlatter Fracture?

A

Avulsion of the tibial tubercle

MOI: Acute/Chronic Repetitive Trauma

55
Q

What is a Sinding-Larson-Johansson Fracture?

A

Avulsion of the inferior patellar pole

MOI: Traction Apophysitis or Posttraumatic Osteonecrosis

56
Q

What is a Bumper/Fender Fracture?

A

Fx of the tibial plateau

MOI: Femoral condyles forced into the tibial plateau

57
Q

What is a Trampoline Fracture?

A

Fx of the tibial plateau through the metaphysis

MOI: Child jumping on trampoline with a larger person

58
Q

Named AVN of the knee

A

Ahlback (SONK)
Caffrey
Kohler

59
Q

What is Ahlback Disease?

A

AVN of the medial femoral condyle (SONK)

60
Q

What is a SONK?

A

Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the knee (Ahlback)

61
Q

What is Caffrey Disease?

A

AVN of intercondylar spine of the tibia

62
Q

What is Kohler Disease in adults?

A

AVN of the Patella (Navicular in children)

63
Q

Named tibial fractures

A

Tillaux Fracture

Toddler’s Fracture

64
Q

What is a Tillaux Fracture?

A

Fx through the medial malleolus and diastasis of the distal tib-fib joint

65
Q

What is a Toddler’s Fracture?

A

Undisplaced spiral fx of the tibial

MOI: Child’s leg is caught in the slats of the crib then rolls over

66
Q

Named fibular fractures

A

Maisonneuve Fracture
Pott’s Fracture
Dupuytren’s Fracture

67
Q

What is a Maisonneuve Fracture?

A

Fx of the proximal fibula

MOI: Inversion and external rotation of the ankle

68
Q

What is a Pott’s Fracture?

A

Partial dislocation of the ankle with fib fx

MOI: jumping

69
Q

What is a Dupuytren’s Fracture?

A

Fx of distal fibula with widened ankle mortise and medial tibial displacement
MOI: jumping

70
Q

Named fractures of the ankle

A 
SER - 60%
SAD - 20%
PER - 10%
PAB - 10%
PDF - <0.5%
71
Q

What is a SER Fracture?

A

MOI: Supination & ExRot forces talus against fib
Unstable
SER I - Talliux
SER II - Oblique distal fib
SER III - Posterior tib
SER IV - Medial malleolus and deltoid rupture

72
Q

What is a SAD Fracture?

A

MOI: medially directed adduction on a supinated foot
SAD I - Lateral lig rupture and fx of distal fib
SAD II - fx of medial malleolus

73
Q

What is a PER Fracture?

A

MOI: ExRot on a Pronated foot
PER I - deltoid rupture 60%, med malleolus rupture 40%
PER II - Distal tibfib rupture, or avulsion of A/P tubercle
PER III - I & II w/ supramalleolar fx
PER IV - I-III w/ posterior tibial margin fx

74
Q

What is a PAB Fracture?

A

MOI: Abd on a pronated foot
PAB I - deltoid rupture 60%
PAB II - Distal tibfib rupture or avulsion of A/P tubercle
PAB III - I & II w/ supramalleolar fx

75
Q

What is a PDF Fracture?

A

MOI: Axial loading, forced dorsiflexion on a pronated foot
PDF I - fx of medial malleolus
PDF II - ant tibial fx
PDF III - supramalleolar fx
PDF IV - transverse fx of posterior tibia, comm with PDF II

76
Q

Named foot and ankle fractures

A

Lauge-Hansen Classification

Aviator’s Astragalus

77
Q

What is a Lauge-Hansen Classification?

A

Based on position of the foot relative to the body at the time of injury and direction of talus displacement or rotation in relation to the mortise joint

78
Q

What is a Aviator’s Astragalus Fracture?

A

Fx of the talus
2nd MOST COMMON tarsal fx
MOI: Dislocation of the tibiotalar or subtalar joint

79
Q

AVN of the ankle

A 
Dias
Liffert-Arkin
Muller-Weiss
Kohler
Sever
80
Q

What is a Dias Disease?

A

AVN of the trochlea of the talus

81
Q

What is Liffert-Arkin Disease?

A

AVN of the distal tibia

82
Q

What is Muller-Weiss?

A

AVN of navicular in adults

83
Q

What is Kohler Disease in children?

A

AVN of navicular (patella in adults)

84
Q

What is Sever’s Disease?

A

AVN of the calcaneal epiphysis

85
Q

Named fractures of the foot

A

Jones Fracture
Bedroom Fracture
Chopart’s Dislocation
Lisfranc Dislocation

86
Q

What is a Jones Fracture?

A

Fx of the base of the 5th metatarsal

MOI: Direct or indirect forces

87
Q

What is a Bedroom Fracture?

A

Broken toe
MC in 1st and 5th
MOI: Direct blow to toe

88
Q

What is a Chopart’s Dislocation?

A

Midtarsal dislocation that separated the foot at the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joint

89
Q

What is a Lisfranc Fracture?

A

Tarsometarsal fracture

90
Q

Named AVN of the foot

A

Freiberg

Iselin

91
Q

What is Freiberg Disease?

A

AVN of the head of the second metatarsal

92
Q

What is a Iselin Disease?

A

AVN of the base of the 5th metatarsal

93
Q

Named Fractures of the Shoulder

A

Little League Shoulder
Bankart Lesion
Hill-Sachs
Flap Fracture

94
Q

What is a Little League Shoulder Fracture?

A

Type I - Slipped Humeral Epiphysis
MC 11-16yo
MOI: Throwing

95
Q

What is a Bankart Lesion?

A

Avulsion of the Glenoid Rim

MOI: Anterior Dislocation

96
Q

What is a Hill Sachs Fracture?

A

Posterolateral humeral head compression fracture

MOI: Anterior dislocation

97
Q

What is a Flap Fracture?

A

Fracture of the greater tuberosity

MOI: Anterior Dislocation

98
Q

Named AVN of the Humerus and Clavicle

A

Freidrich

Hass

99
Q

What is a Freidrich Disease?

A

AVN of the medial clavicle

100
Q

What is a Hass Disease?

A

AVN of the humeral head

101
Q

Named fractures of the humerus and elbow

A

Ball Fracture

Nursemaid’s Elbow

102
Q

What is a Ball Fracture?

A

Throwing fracture
Minimal displaced spiral fracture of the mid-distal shaft of the humerus
MOI: Throwing motions, even snowballs

103
Q

What is a Nursemaid’s Elbow?

A

Radial head dislocation anteriorly in relation to the capitulum
MOI: Sudden pull on a child’s arm

104
Q

Named fractures of the elbow

A

Monteggia
Hahn-Steinthal
Kocher-Lorenz
Regan-Morray

105
Q

What is a Monteggia Fracture?

A

MOST COMMON IN ADULTS
Type I - Middle/Upper Ulna Fx w/ Anterior dislocation of radial head
Type II - Middle/Upper Ulna Fx w/ Posterior dislocation of radial head
Type III - Ulna Fx distal to coronoid process w/ Lateral dislocation of radial head
Type IV - Middle/Upper Ulna Fx w/ Anterior dislocation of radial head AND Upper Radius Fx

106
Q

What is a Hahn-Steinthal Fracture?

A

Capitellum Fx
Displacement of a large segment of bone
MOI: Direct forces through radial head

107
Q

What is a Kocher-Lorenz Fracture?

A

Capitellum Fx
Displacement of Cartilage
MOI: Direct force through radial head

108
Q

What are the two named Capitellum injuries?

A

Hahn-Steinthal and Kocher-Lorenz

109
Q

What is a Regan-Morrey Fracture?

A 
Coronoid Process Fx
Avulsion from brachialis tendon, or impaction against the trochanter
Type I - Simple avulsion
Type II - Fx 50% of coronoid process
Type III - Fx base of coronoid process
110
Q

Named Fractures of the Forearm

A 
Galeazzi Fracture
Colles Fracture (Ponteau)
Smith Fracture
Moore Fracture
Nightstick Fracture
Barton Fracture
Hutchison (Chauffer's) Fracture
111
Q

What is a Galeazzi Fracture?

A

Fx of radial shaft w/ dislocation of distal radiulnar joint

MOI: FOOSH

112
Q

What is a Colles (Ponteau) Fracture?

A

Fx of radius with dorsal displacement

MOI: Dorsiflexion

113
Q

What is a Smith Fracture?

A

MOST COMMON
Fx of radius with ventral displacement
MOI: Direct force to wrist with hyperflexion

114
Q

What is a Moore Fracture?

A

Colles Fx w/ Ulnar Styloid Involvement
Disruption of the distal radioulnar joint
MOI: Dorsiflexion

115
Q

What is a Nightstick Fracture?

A

Ulnar Fx

MOI: Direct force to forearm

116
Q

What is a Barton Fracture?

A

Fx of dorsal rim of radius w/ interarticular extension

MOI: Dorsiflexion AND pronation

117
Q

What is a Hutchison (Chauffer’s) Fracture?

A

Fx of the styloid process of the Radius

MOI: Direct blow or avulsion by radial collateral ligament

118
Q

Named AVN of the Elbow and Forearm

A

Brailsford
Burns
Panner

119
Q

What is a Brailsford Disease?

A

AVN of the Radial Head

120
Q

What is a Burns Disease?

A

AVN of the Distal Ulna

121
Q

What is a Panner Disease?

A

AVN of the Capitellum of Humerus

122
Q

Named fractures of the Thumb

A

Bennett Fracture
Rolando Fracture
Gamekeeper Thumb Fracture

123
Q

What is a Bennett Fracture?

A

Fx of the volar lip, 1st metacarpal base is displaced dorsally
MOI: Axial force to flexed metacarpal bone

124
Q

What is a Rolando Fracture?

A

Y or T shaped comminuted Fx of the 1st metacarpal base

125
Q

What is a Gamekeeper Thumb?

A

Disruption of the 1st Metacarpal UCL

MOI: Ski Pole, Abd-Ext Force

126
Q

Named fractures of the wrist and hand

A

DeQuervain’s Fracture
Boxer’s Fracture
Bar Room Fracture

127
Q

What is a DeQuervain’s Fracture?

A

Ant dislocation of the lunate w/ proximal fragment of the scaphoid

128
Q

What is a Boxer’s Fracture?

A

Transverse Fx of the 2nd/3rd metacarpal neck

MOI: Straight jab type blow

129
Q

What is a Bar Room Fracture?

A

Transvers Fx of the 4th/5th metacarpal neck

MOI: Roundhouse type blow

130
Q

Named AVN of the wrist and hand

A

Keinbock
Preiser
Deitrich-Mauclaire
Theimann

131
Q

What is a Keinbock Disease?

A

AVN of the Lunate

132
Q

What is a Preiser Disease?

A

AVN of the Scaphoid

133
Q

What is a Dietrich-Mauclaire Disease?

A

AVN of the Metacarpal Head

134
Q

What is a Theimann Disease?

A

AVN of the Phalanges Base

ACBSP (4 decks)

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