Experiments with surgery and medicine Flashcards
1
Q
what were the 3 ways of dealing with infection
A
- Debridement
- The Carrel-Dakin method
- Amputations
2
Q
Debridement
A
-the removal of dead/infected tissue
3
Q
The Carrel-Dakin method
A
-killed infection using a sterilised salt solution in the wound
4
Q
Amputation
A
the removal of infected limbs
5
Q
Thomas Splint
A
- large splint designed tom keep limbs and joints still during surgery
- it improved the survival rate for shrapnel leg injuries from 20% to 82%
6
Q
issues with Mobile X-Ray units
A
- couldn’t identify all objects in the body
- took several minutes, a long time for a wounded man to stay still
- could only be used for an hour or 2 before they overheated
7
Q
Blood transfusions
A
- originally used a syringe and tube to transfer blood from the donor to the patient
- they were carried out in base hospitals
- Geoffrey Keynes, British doctor, designed a portable blood transfusion kit so that they could be carried out near the frontline
8
Q
Blood banks
A
- in 1915, found out that adding sodium nitrate to blood stopped it clotting and could be kept for 2 days if refrigerated
- in 1916, found that adding citrate glucose solution allowed blood to be kept for up to 4 weeks
- in 1917, a doctor called Oswald Hope Robertson built a carrying case for bottles of donated blood, allowing badly injured soldiers to be treated on the frontline
9
Q
Brain surgery
A
- brain injuries were hard to be treated as few doctors had any experience and it was hard to move unconscious or confused patients through a chain of evacuation
- Harvey Cushing used a magnet to remove metal fragments from the brain and used local anaesthetic rather than general
- making these operations more successful as the brain didn’t swell from general anaesthetic
10
Q
Plastic surgery
A
- Harold Gillies developed methods of restoring and rebuilding destroyed facial features
- plastic surgery had to be carried out in Britain as it was very complex
- by 1917 newly 12,000 operations had been carried out
