Experiments + Correlation Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The variable that is measured in an experiment

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2
Q

Independent Variable

A

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment

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3
Q

Manipulated

A

What is changed within an experiment to create the two levels of the IV

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4
Q

Controls

A

How a person regulates variables or the experiment

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5
Q

Independent Measures

A

Design where there are two different groups doing different conditions of the IV

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6
Q

Repeated Measures

A

Design where the same participants are used in both groups to carry out both conditions of the IV

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7
Q

Matched Participants

A

Design where participants are matched from two different group by a certain characteristic e.g. age, gender, IQ

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8
Q

Order Effects

A

When participants’ results are affected by doing a test more than once

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9
Q

Progressive Effects

A

Reflects changes in participants’ responses that result from their cumulative exposure to prior conditions

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10
Q

Practice Effects

A

A performance improvement due to greater experience with a task

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11
Q

Fatigue Effect

A

A performance decline that results from becoming tired, inattentive, or less motivated to perform well w. repeated exposure to a task

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12
Q

Carryover Effect

A

When participants responses in one condition are uniquely influenced by the particular condition or conditions that preceded it

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13
Q

Sensitization

A

Exposure to multiple conditions increases participants’ awareness of, or sensitivity to the variable that is being experimentally manipulated

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14
Q

Counterbalancing

A

Splitting a condition of participants in half and making them experience all possible orders of the study

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15
Q

Operationalized

A

Turning abstract concepts into measurable observations

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16
Q

Demand Characteristics

A

If a participant finds out the purpose of the experiment they may change their behaviour or not act naturally

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17
Q

Experiment

A

A scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact by investigating the change of an IV and how it has an effect on the DV

18
Q

Lab Experiment

A

An experiment conducted under highly controlled conditions to investigate the effect that the change of an IV has on the DV

19
Q

Field Experiment

A

Carried out in the everyday environment of the participants testing the IV’s effect on the DV

20
Q

Quasi Experiment

A

The IV is naturally occurring within the participant and would most likely be unethical to manipulate e.g. child abuse. Still tests the IV’s effect on the DV. Can be carried out in both artificial or natural settings

21
Q

Random Allocation

A

Participants are randomly allocated to different conditions of the IV

22
Q

Single Blind

A

Only the participants don’t know which condition of the IV they’re in

23
Q

Double Blind

A

Both the experimenters and the participants don’t know what level of the IV they’re in

24
Q

Extraneous Variables

A

Other variables (not the IV) which could affect the results of the experiment e.g. weather

25
Participant Variables
Differences between participants which are not controlled for within an experiment
26
Situational Variables
Factors in the environment that can unintentionally affect the results of a study
27
Ecological Validity
Refers to the extent to which the findings of a research study are able to be generalised to real-life settings
28
Reliability
The overall consistency of the measure or study
29
Mundane Realism
The degree to which the materials and procedures involved in an experiment are similar to events that occur in the real world
30
Co-Variables
The variables being tested in a correlation
31
Correlation Coefficient
A number between 1 and -1 that tells how strong a relationship is
32
Positive Correlation
As one co-variable increases, the other co-variable also increases
33
Negative Correlation
As one co-variable increases, the other co-variable decreases
34
No correlation
Where there is no trend between the two co-variables
35
Hypothesis
A precise, testable statement of what the researchers predict(s) will be the outcome of the study
36
Alternative/Experimental Hypothesis
States there is a relationship between the IV and the DV
37
Null Hypothesis
States there is no relationship between the IV and the DV
38
Directional/One tailed Hypothesis
Predicts the nature/direction of the effect of the IV on the DV
39
Non-Directional/Two tailed Hypothesis
Predicts that the IV will have an effect on the DV, but the direction of the effect is not specified
40
Falsification
To falsify a statement