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Micro Lab > Experiments 9-10 > Flashcards

Experiments 9-10 Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriophages

A

viruses that infect bacteria constructed of RNA or DNA covered with a protein cap

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2
Q

Bacteriophages issues

A

Transfer toxic genes from pathogenic bacteria to non pathogenic bacteria

Inhibit starter culture from fermenting

Slow acidification and flavor developments

Contamination

Financial loss

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3
Q

Bacteriophage pros

A

Pre Harvest pathogen control
Post harvest pathogen control
Biosanitization
Biopreservation

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4
Q

Lytic cycle

A

virus is infecting and lysing the cells

Attach
Insert DNA
Replication
Assembly
Lysis (kills cell)

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5
Q

Lysogenic cycle

A

phage DNA is dormant in the bacterial cell chromosomal/plasmid DNA

Insert into Host DNA
Can Replicate

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6
Q

Bacteriophages infect cultures through

A

Air
Airborne droplets

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7
Q

Preventative measures for bacteriophages

A

Sanitation
Decrease cross contamination
Phage inhibitory media
Phage resistant culture

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8
Q

Quark

A

Acidified milk causes precipitation of caesin which causes thickening of milk

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9
Q

Plaque assay

A

Bacteria and dilutions of phage mixed

Added to soft agar

Poured on top of base agar

Viral and bacterial cells are trapped

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10
Q

Plaque assay halos

A

Indicate bacterial cell killing by phage
Count plaques similarly to counting CFU

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11
Q

CaCl2 added to L lactis and phage mix

A

Help the phage attach to the receptor

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12
Q

Induction

A

Move from lysogenic cycle to lytic cycle
Due to stress

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13
Q

Plaque assay purpose

A

Determine bacterial resistance/sensitivity to the bacteriophage infection

Determine the concentration of the bacteriophage in a sample

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14
Q

Only form quark if

A

The bacteria is resistant to the phage.

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15
Q

Lytic bacteriophage

A

Bacteriophage, which upon injection of its genetic content, produces viral particles that lyse the bacterial host

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16
Q

Lysogenic bacteriophage

A

Lyses the bacterial host upon induction

Integrates the genetic content in the bacterial chromosome

17
Q

Mitomycin C

A

A DNA damaging agent that can induce lysogenic bacteriophages from the bacterial chromosome

18
Q

Why do we use PFU/mL not viral particles per mL

A

Multiple particles can infect a bacterium

We don’t know how many particles are responsible for the plaque

19
Q

Where can phages be found

A

Soil
Air
Milk
Sea Water

20
Q

Preventative measures that decrease risk of contamination (2)

A

Sanitation
Phage resistant bacteria

21
Q

Optimal pH for thickening of milk

A

4-5

22
Q

Bacteriophages can

A

Provide host with competive advantage
Contribute to pathogenicity

Micro Lab (4 decks)

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