Appendix

Question 1

Cationic Dyes

Answer 1

• CV
• Methylene Blue
• React with groups that have a + charge

Question 2

Anionic Dyes

Answer 2

• Eosin
• Nigrosine
• React w/ groups that have a - charge

Question 3

Simple stains

Answer 3

React uniformly with all microorganisms

Only distinguish the organisms from their surroundings

Question 4

Differential Stains

Answer 4

Discriminate between various bacteria, depending upon the chemical or physical composition of the microorganism

Question 5

Specialized stain

Answer 5

Detect specific structures of cells such as flagella and endospores

Question 6

Endospore stain

Answer 6

1. Place the heat-fixed slide over a steaming water bath and place a piece of blotting paper over the area of the smear
2. Saturate the blotting paper with the 5-6% solution of malachite green
3. Allow the steam to heat the slide for five minutes
4. Cool the slide to room temp
5. Rinse with water
6. Apply safranin for 1 minute
7. Rinse and blot dry

Question 7

Important ingredients of media

Answer 7

Water
Carbon source

Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium

Question 8

Chemically defined medium

Answer 8

All the components of a medium are known both qualitatively and quantitatively

Question 9

Complex medium

Answer 9

Contains components that are extracts or digests whose exact chemical composition is impossible to determine and often varies from lot to lot

Question 10

Extracts and digests

Answer 10

Brain heart infusion
Yeast extract
Peptones

Question 11

Minimal medium

Answer 11

Contains only the minimal components necessary for growth of a microorganism

Question 12

All purpose media

Answer 12

Support the growth of a wide variety of microorganisms

Nutrient broth
APT
LB

Question 13

Selective medium

Answer 13

Contain ingredients that inhibit the growth of a certain class of microorganisms

MAC
EMB

Question 14

Differential medium

Answer 14

Distinguish between different groups of microorganisms by some biochemical or physiological criteria

MAC

Question 15

PALCAM differential agents

Answer 15

Esculin
Phenol Red

Question 16

PALCAM selective agents

Answer 16

LiCl
Acriflavin
Polymyxcin B sulfate

Question 17

EMB agar

Answer 17

Isolation and detection of Gram-negative bacteria

Lactose fermenting bacteria are dark purple

Non lactose fermenting = colorless

Question 18

LST MUG

Purpose

Answer 18

Detection of coliform organisms in water

Formation of gas shows presence of coliforms

Question 19

MAC selective

Answer 19

Bile Salts
CV

Question 20

Agar Pros

Answer 20

Solidifies at 43 C
Doesn’t melt unless temp is raised to 100 C

Resistance to degradation

Translucence for easy viewing

Question 21

Agar cons

Answer 21

Harbor impurities

Interfere with studies

Inhibit growth

Question 22

Factors that determine what can grow on a medium

Answer 22

pH
Oxygen
Temp

Question 23

Selective agents

Answer 23

CV
bile salts
Antibiotics
Sodium azide

Question 24

p

Answer 24

pico

10^-12 = conversion

12^12 pL in 1 L

Question 25

n

Answer 25

nano

10^-9 = conversion

12^9 nL in 1 L

Question 26

μ

Answer 26

micro

10^-6 = conversion

10^6 μL in 1 L

Question 27

m

Answer 27

milli

10^-3 = conversion

10^3 mL in 1 L

Question 28

c

Answer 28

centi

10^-2 = conversion

100 cm in 1 m

Question 29

d

Answer 29

deci

10^-1 = conversion

10 dm in 1 m

Question 30

k

Answer 30

kilo

10^3 = conversion

1000 m in 1 km

Question 31

M

Answer 31

mega

10^6 = conversion

10^6 m in 1 Mm

Question 32

G

Answer 32

giga

10^9 = conversion

10^9 m in 1 Gm