Experiments Flashcards
What are independent variable/dependent variables? What is a control group? Levels of Independent Variable?
IV: Cause
DV: Effect
Control Group: without altercations
Levels: experiment and control
What is an experimental situation effect and what the Hawthorne effect?
Experimental situation effect: level of the independent variable that is manipulated by the researcher in order to asses the effect on the dependent variable
Hawthorne effect: Subjects change or improve their behavior because they are being evaluated
What are the strengths and weaknesses of experimental methods?
Strengths: can make definitive casual connections = high internal validity
Weaknesses: Difficult to generalize beyond participants and lab conditions = low external validity
What is random assignment?
Each person has an equal chance of being chosen
What is experimental design notation?
Research design that is used to show the treatment and measures using “R,” “X,” and “O” in a research design to show case studies with posttest designs
X= manipulation/treatment
O= observation (measures for dependent variable)
R= Random assignment
What are the benefits of Solomon 4 group design? Why don’t we use it more?
Benefits- Pretest/posttest can compare groups to make sure outside factors have not influenced results
Drawback- it is very complex
What are the different types of experiment design? Give pros and cons for each
Lab: highly controlled setting allows for draw causal connections but does not reflect a real life setting
Quasi/Field: not randomly assigned and is easier to recruit, real life situation which shows complexity but there’s is limited control over variables
Ex-Post Facto: studies behavior where factors cant be manipulated.
allows for analyzation of the cause and is cheaper/less time consuming but without random sample it is more difficult to locate cause-and-effect relationship.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of online experiments? What are the problems with online experiments?
Benefits: easy access to diverse population (people from different groups), easier to get people,
Drawbacks: biases
What is a factorial Design?
An experiment that has multiple factors or independent variables.
main effect: effects of IV independently; one of the factors explains a significant amount of variability in the data when take on its own
interaction effect: occurs when the influence of an independent variable on a given dependent variable depends on the level of other factors being examined
What is the difference between external and internal validity?
External validity: whether experiment captures external world
Internal validity: relates to experimental design
