Experiments Flashcards
What is an Independent Group’s design?
This is when two separate groups of participants experience two different conditions of the experiment.
What is a Repeated Measures design?
All participants experience both conditions of the experiment.
What is a Matched Pair’s design?
Participants are paired together on a variable(s) that are relevant to the experiment.
What is a limitation of the Independent Groups design?
There will be participant variables that can affect the results.
What is a strength of the Independent Groups design?
There will be no order effects because the participants only do the condition once.
What is a limitation of a Repeated Measures design?
There will be order effects because the participants have to do both conditions.
What is a strength of a Repeated Measures design?
The participants variables are controlled, because the same people do both conditions.
What is a limitation for a Matched Pairs design?
It may be time-consuming to find people who have the same variables that relate to the study.
What is a strength for a Matched Pairs design?
There are no order effects and demand characteristics.
What is a lab study?
Studies that are in highly controlled environments.
What is a strength of a lab study?
They have high control over confounding and extraneous variables and we can be more certain about demonstrating cause and effect (high internal validity).
What is a limitation of a lab study?
They may lack generalisability as a lab can be rather artificial and not like everyday life.
What is a field experiment?
The IV is manipulated in a natural, more everyday setting.
What is a strength of a field experiment?
They have higher mundane realism because the environment is more natural, producing behaviour that is more valid and authentic.
What is a limitation of a field experiment?
The cause and effect between the IV and DV in field studies may be much more difficult to establish and replication is often not possible.
What is a Natural experiment?
It’s in a natural environment but the researcher has no control over the IV and cannot change it.
What is a strength of a Natural experiment?
They have high external validity because they involve real-world issues.
What is a limitation of a Natural experiment?
Naturally occurring events may happen very rarely, reducing the opportunities for research. This limits the scope for generalising the findings to other similar situations.
What is Quasi experiment?
The IV is based on an existing difference between people, no one has manipulated this variable.
What is a strength of a Quasi experiment?
They are often carried out in controlled conditions and therefore share some strengths of a lab study, e.g. the study can most likely be replicated.
What is a limitation of a Quasi experiment?
Participants cannot be randomly allocated to conditions meaning there may be confounding variables.
