EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH Flashcards
Its goal is to establish the cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.
Experimental Research
Four basic elements of Experimental Research
Manipulation, Measurement, Comparison, and Control
Variable that is manipulated.
Independent Variable
Variable that is observed for changes.
Dependent Variable
A variable that is held constant during the experiment.
Control Variable
All variables other than the independent and dependent variable.
Extraneous Variable
Changes systematically along with other variables that is being studied
Confounding variable
researchers must prevent it from becoming a confounding variable
extraneous variable
it becomes a confounding variable when it affects the dependent variable.
extraneous vaariable
3 general categories of extraneous variables
Environmental variables, participant variables, and time-related variables
events that can affect the results of the treatment from the first and last treatment condition
history
changes that occur in participant’s physiology and psychology during the research that affects one’s scores
maturation
progressive improvement in performance over time
practice effects
the production of groups of individuals that will be assigned in treatment conditions have noticeably different characteristics
assignment bias
being in another treatment condition can affect the performance an individual in a later treatment condition
testing effects
helps avoid systematic relationship between two variables
randomization
a random process that is used to assign participants to treatment conditions
random assignment
TRUE OR FALSE weather is an environmental variable
false
minimizes carryover effects
between-subjects design
multiple groups of individuals are subjected to different treatment conditions.
between-subject designs
participants receive all the treatment conditions
within-subject designs
two sets off score from the same sample
within-subject designs
requires large number of participants
between-subject designs
