Experimental Research Flashcards
Factors in experimental research
•Aim (purposes/intentions. The aim of this research is to explore the effects of…..)
•Hypothesis (testable statement, whats the iv and dv=variable thats measured)
What are the different types of hypothesis?
•Directional/one tailed
•Non-directional/ two
•Null hypothesis
What the pupose of directional/ one tailed hypothesis?
•Predicts the direction of the results
Examples of the directional hypothesis?
Increase
Decrease
More
Less
Slower
Faster
Positive
Negative
Key points on directional hypothesis
•Only used if previous research has been carried out
What is the sentence starter when your writing a directional hypothesis?
There will be a significant increase in……
What does a non-hypothesis state?
Its states a difference but not sure which way results will go
What is the sentence starter when writing a non-directional hypothesis?
•There wil be significance diffrence between…..
•There will be a correlation between..
What does null hypotensis mean?
It means ‘No effect’ and can only be accepted if results are not significant eg No difference
What is the sentence starter when writing a null hypothesis?
There will be no significance between…
What is operationalisation?
Clearly defined and measuruble.
What should you consider when designing a decision?
•How many group (control group no manipulation of iv+ Experimental group= manipulate
•How participants are selected (sampling techniques)
•Procedures/ materials
•Timings
•Recording of data
What are Extraneous variables?
Are variables that if not controlled for can affect the outcome of the research
N/B: If an extraneous variable does affect the outcome it becomes a CONFUNDING VARIABLE
Eg. Phone going off during a memory experiment
What are variables that need controlling?
•Extraneous variables
•situational variables
•Participant variable
•Research variables
What is CAUSALITY?
•Cause and effect
•The iv has had an affect on dv no other variable involved
What are situational variable?
this are variable associated with the setting, environments, procedures and material.
Example of situational variables
noise
weather
temperature
time of day
where the study takes place
materials given to participants
How to control situational variables?
laboratory experiments
keep as many variables across both hands the same.
standadize- procedures/ instructions/ material.
Examples of participant variables/indivudual diffrences?
experience
gender
what they are wearing
ethnicity
class
skills
personal habits
age
social econimic status
mental health
IQ
personality
religion/ believes
What to do to control controlling variable?
Repeated measures design- same person both conditions
Matched pairs design-Match parts on as many variables as possible one goes to one condition and one goes to another .
Keep as many participants variable as constant as possible.
Questionnaire/ survey
Examples of researcher variables?
Familiar with research
number of researcher
how they ask questions
gender of the researcher
hierachy of the researcher
age
personality of a researcher
investigator effect-the presence of researcher/ or their subconsialy or consciously influence the outcome of results
Controlling researcher variables?
same researcher
standardised instructions/procedure
no leading questions
double blind procedure-where the researcher and participant don’t know the aim,
laboratory experiment {AO1}
It’s an experiment conducted under highly controlled conditions [ not necessarily in a lab] where accurate measurements are possible
negatives of lab experiments
Lacks ecological validity. it’s in a setting where the the task is not represented in daily life.
small samples means you’ll need to conduct consecutive experiments on small groups.
