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Experimental psychology > Experimental Psychology part 2 > Flashcards

Experimental Psychology part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Self report

A

When people are asked about their attitudes

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2
Q

Computerized

A

Type of sampling where participant reports via beeper, computer etc.

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3
Q

Interviewer bias

A

Lead them to specific answers

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4
Q

Respondent bias

A

Social desirability

Engage in response set (1,1, 1, etc…)

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5
Q

demand characteristics

A

talk a lot with participants and ignore others etc

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6
Q

Types of sampling

A

Probability

Non probability

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7
Q

Probability

A

Everyone has an equal chance of being chosen.

  • stratified random sampling
  • clusters
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8
Q

Non probability

A
  • haphazard (convenient sampling)
  • purposive sampling
  • quota sampling: same as stratified but without the
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9
Q

Stratified random sampling

A

Representative sampling (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior)

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10
Q

Clusters

A

states, counties, cities, districts, (prisons/school), classes ;; not individual but clusters

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11
Q

Haphazard

A

convenient sampling

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12
Q

Purposive sampling

A

The researcher chooses the sample based on who they think would be appropriate for the study

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13
Q

Quota sampling

A

Same as stratified but without the random sampling (haphazard technique)

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14
Q

Problems with wording survey

yay or nay saying -negative wording

A

yay or nay saying
negative wording
loaded question
double barrel

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15
Q

yay or nay saying

A

agree to everything or disagree

reverse questioning is used to avoid this

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16
Q

loaded question

A

ask a question with an assumption already in mind or desired answer

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17
Q

double barrel

A

ask two questions in one (ie have you ever had a stroke or a heartattack?)

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18
Q

IV, DV, Control

A

IV: Manipulate
DV: measure
Control everything else

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19
Q

Internal validity

A

IV is influencing the DV

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20
Q

External validity

A

Experiment can be generalized (run study 100x with different population, setting etc, expect similar results)

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21
Q

Why do we do random sampling?

A

to avoid confounding variables

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22
Q

Mortality

A

When people drop out of a study

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23
Q

Between subject

A

participates in one group

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24
Q

Within subject

A

(repeated measure design) each participant participates in all groups/ every condition

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25
Q

Match pair design

A

When you give them a test based on characteristics then randomly assign one to condition A the other to condition B

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26
Q

Pretest/post test design

A

a pretest is given before the experimental manipulation; pretest=control;

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27
Q

Quasi experimental design

A

a type of design that approximates the control features of true experiments to infer that a given treatment did have its intended effect

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28
Q

Problems with Reserach designs

A 
history effects 
maturation
instrument decay
testing
regression of the mean
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29
Q

history effects

A

any outside event that is not part of the manipulation that could be responsible for the results.

30
Q

maturation

A

possibility that any naturally occurring change within the individual is responsible for the results..

31
Q

instrument decay

A

the possibility that a change in the characteristics of the measurement instrument, including human observers, is responsible for the results.

32
Q

type of manipulation

A

staged: (confederate) deception

33
Q

testing

A

the effects of taking a test on the outcomes of taking a second test.

34
Q

regression from the mean

A

extreme score first time, close to the average second test

35
Q

what are the different types of things that we are measuring

A
  • behavior measures
  • self report measures
  • physiological measures: EKG, EEG
36
Q

When we measure the dependent variable several ways?

A

Type of validity- Convergent

37
Q

If we added a third level of our variable

A

Curval relationship or a monotonic function

38
Q

mediator

A

Explains the relationship between two variable

39
Q

moderator

A

alters relation between variables

40
Q

in a factorial design with two IV and one DV one might see;

A

Main effect

Interaction effect

41
Q

Main effect

A

Independent variable influences on the dependent

42
Q

Interaction effect

A

differing effect on independent variable on the dependent variable depending the level of another independent variable (ie weed and alcohol)

43
Q

Mixed factorial design

A

combining the features of both between and within design

44
Q

which type of design is more likely to detect effect

A

repeated measure design

45
Q

repeated measure design

A

getting multiple measure of every participant. each participant is their own control group

46
Q

multiple baseline design

A

administer treatment in different places to see if its causes behavioral change

47
Q

longitudinal design:

A

one group long period of time

48
Q

cross sectional design

A

many groups short time

49
Q

sequential design

A

many groups long time

50
Q

nominal:

A

categorical

51
Q

ordinal

A

some sort of order in place. Distances between each aren’t equal

52
Q

interval

A

equal distance between numbers but not portions ie weather or Liket (sp) scale

53
Q

ratio

A

absolute value. has ration between numbers

54
Q

How to measuree Nominal

A

Frequency and percentages

55
Q

How to measure interval and ratio

A

Mean Median Mode, Standard deviation, run test

56
Q

Pearson correlation

A

Strength and direction of the relationship;; how they covey with each other

57
Q

standard deviation

A

avg deviation of score from the mean

58
Q

mean

A

average

59
Q

median

A

middle

60
Q

mode

A

repeated

61
Q

regression equation

A

y(what we are trying to predict)=a(constant)+b(slope)x

62
Q

what are two main types of statistics?

A

descriptive statistics

inferential

63
Q

descriptive statistics

A

describe our sample

64
Q

inferential

A

inferring things about population. predicts outcome or attitudes

65
Q

statistically significant differences

A

probability level is less than .05

due to random error

66
Q

two types of hypothesis

A

null hypothesis

theoretical hypothesis

67
Q

null hypothesis

A

philisophical hypothesis. there is no difference between groups

68
Q

type I error

A

when we reject null hypothesis, when there wasn’t significant differences

69
Q

type II error

A

when we accept null hypothesis when there is significant differences between groups

70
Q

when we run a t-test how many ?

A

2

71
Q

Categorical

A

Chi square

72
Q

Degree of Freedom

A

Number of participants minus number of groups

Experimental psychology (2 decks)

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