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Experimental psychology > Ch7-13 Quiz > Flashcards

Ch7-13 Quiz Flashcards

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0
Q

Loaded question

A

It leads a person to a response

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1
Q

Double-barreled questions

A

Asks two things at once

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2
Q

Negative wording

A

May confuse individuals and result in inaccurate answers

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3
Q

Yea/nay saying

A

When asking several questions there is a possibility for one to employ a response set of agree or disagree with all the questions. This leads to a person agreeing to everything that is being said.

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4
Q

Closed ended questions

A

A specific number of responses are given.

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5
Q

Open ended questions

A

One is free to respond in any way they want.

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6
Q

What are the benefits of closed ended questions?

A

Closed ended questions are more structured and are easier to code

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7
Q

What are some draw backs of open ended questions?

A

Open ended questions are harder to code and take time to categorize.

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8
Q

What are the alternative ways that a person could answer a closed ended question?

A

Closed ended questions could be answered with fixed responses like “yes” or “no” and “agree” or “disagree”. However in eras each it is often preferable to use a 5-7 point scale.

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9
Q

What are the different ways one could administer surveys.

A
  • questionnaires
  • mail surveys
  • Internet
  • interviews
  • personal administration
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10
Q

What is a potential problem with interviews?

A

One problem that could arise from interviews is interviewer bias.

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11
Q

What is interviewer bias?

A

Interviewer bias occurs because the interviewer is human being who is interaction with another. Bias may occur because an interviewer might show approval or disapproval for certain responses.

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12
Q

What are three methods of conduction interviews:

A
  • face to face
  • telephone (less expensive/ data could be quickly collected)
  • focus group (questions tend to be open ended)
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13
Q

Probability sampling

A

Each member if the population has a specific probability of being choose

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14
Q

Nonprobability sampling

A

One doesn’t know the probability of any member of the population of being chosen

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15
Q

Simple random sampling

A

Everyone has an equal probability of being chosen

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16
Q

Stratified random sampling

A

When population is split up into subgroups and then random sampling is used to select individuals from the subgroups.

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17
Q

How is population divided in stratified random sampling.

A

Any number of dimensions could be used to divided the population, however it had to be relevant to the research. One could divide the population based on age, gender, education level ect.

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18
Q

Cluster sampling

A

When one identifies clusters of individuals and then sample from these clusters are taken.

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19
Q

Haphazard sampling(convenience)

A

“Take them when you find them” obtaining participants that are close to you.

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20
Q

What are three forms of non-probability sampling?

A

Convenience sampling
Purposive sampling
Quota sampling

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21
Q

Purposive sampling

A

The purpose is to obtain a sample of people who meet a certain type of criteria

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22
Q

Quota sampling

A

Similar to stratified sampling, however random sampling does not occur

23
Q

Confounding variable

A

Variable that varies along with the independent variable .

One doesn’t know what variable is responsible for observed response.

24
Q

Internal validity

A

When results from an experiment could be confidently attributed to the independent variable

25
Q

Pretest post test design

A

Given before before experimental manipulation to make sure that both groups are equivalent to each other. However it is not necessary to do if participants have been randomly assigned to both groups.

26
Q

What is the dropout factor in an experiment called?

A

Mortality

27
Q

Matched pairs design

A

People are assigned by matching them on particular characteristics

28
Q

Straightforward manipulation

A

When one could manipulate a variable very simply by presenting written, verbal, or visual material to the participants

29
Q

Staged manipulation

A

Here the independent variable is manipulated.

30
Q

Confederate

A

Usually used in staged manipulations. A confederate just pretends to be another participant in an experiment but is usually part of the manipulation.

31
Q

What are the types of measures

A

Self report
Behavior- direct observation
Physiological

32
Q

Ceiling effect

A

Independent variable has no effect on the dependent measure

Ex:Task is easy everyone does well

33
Q

Floor effect

A

When task is so difficult everyone fails

34
Q

Pilot study

A

In which one does a trial run of the experiment with a small number of participants

35
Q

Manipulation checks

A

In which one attempts to measure is the independent variable has the intended effect on the participants

36
Q

Factorial design

A

Designs with more than one independent variable

37
Q

Moderator variable

A

It influences the relationship between two other variables

38
Q

2X2 factorial design

A

It has two independent variables with two levels

39
Q

Why are more levels important in an experiment?

A

Because designs with only two levels cannot provide information on how exactly the independent and dependent variable are related.

40
Q

Independent groups

A

In a 2x2 factorial design there are four conditions and in each condition a different group would be assign to them

41
Q

Repeated measure

A

The same individuals will participate in all conditions

42
Q

Frequency distribution

A

Indicates the number of individuals that receive each possible score on a variable.

43
Q

Bar graphs

A

Use distinct and separate bar for each piece of information.

44
Q

Histogram

A

Uses bars to display a frequency distribution for a quantitative variable

45
Q

Frequency polygons

A

Use a line to represent frequencies. Most useful when data represent interval or ratio scales.

46
Q

Descriptive statistics

A

Allow researchers to make precise statements about the data

47
Q

Central tendency

A

Tells us what the sample as a whole or on average us like.

48
Q

What is used to measure central tendency

A

Mean
Median
Mode

49
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

Measures how strongly variables are related to each other

50
Q

Inferential statistics

A

Used to determine whether results based on samples could be generalized to a population

51
Q

Null hypothesis

A

Population means are equal. Observed differences is due to random error. Independent variable does not have an effect

52
Q

Research hypothesis

A

Population means are not equal. Independent variable did have an effect

53
Q

Systematic Variance

A

The deviation of the group mean from the grand mean

54
Q

Error variance

A

The deviation of the individuals scores in each group from their respective groups

55
Q

Type I error

A

When one rejects null hypothesis when it’s true

56
Q

Type II error

A

When null hypothesis is accepted however research hypothesis is true.

Experimental psychology (2 decks)

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