Experimental mouse models Flashcards
what test would be ideal to explore social deficits?
Three-chamber social interaction test
what do ASD mice models show, behaviour wise? (3)
- reduced social interactions
- increased grooming (repetitive behaviour)
- perseveration
what tests are used to measure repetitive behaviours? (2)
Self-grooming test & Marble burying test
what test is used to measure compulsive behaviour?
Marble burying Test
what test is used to test cognitive flexibility and perseveration? (2)
Morris Water Maze test
T-maze test
what are the 6 tests typically used to assess autism spectrum disorder in mouse?
- Three-chamber social interaction test
- Self-grooming test
- Marble burying test
- Reversal Morris Water Maze Test
- T-maze test
- Open field Test
why are 6 different tests used to assess for ASD?
they help to differentiate between social & cognitive symptoms
what are the main neuro-developmental disorders learnt about so far in this model? (5)
Autism
Schizophrenia
Psychosis
Epilepsy
Intellectual disabilities
Why is the Prepulse inhibition test used to test for schizophrenia?
it tests for sensorimotor gating (filtering) deficits, which is a hallmark of schizophrenia
What test is used to measure cognitive deficits and memory impairments in one?
Novel object recognition Test
what test is used to measure seizure susceptibility, and what neuro-developmental disorder would this be used for?
Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-Induced Seizure Test
Epilepsy
what model is used to test for temporal lobe epilepsy, and how is it induced?
Kainic Acid model
Induced by the administration of the glutamate receptor agonist KA
what test measures abnormal neural firing and seizure patterns in mice?
Electroencephalography (EEG) in mice
what type of study are EEG and Seizure thresholds typically measured in?
Studies investigating anti-epileptic drug responses
what tests are typically used to measure Intellectual disabilities, and why are they used (3)?
- Morris Water Maze - Spatial learning & memory
T-maze - Working memory impairments - Social Preference Test - Social impairments
what alternative test aside from MWM is used to assess spatial navigation, and what is its main benefit?
The Barnes Maze
it is less stressful for rodents than the MWM which involves water immersion
what tests are used to measure behavioural despair? (2)
Forced swim test (FST)
Tail Suspension Test (TST)
what test measures for anhedonia (lack of pleasure response)?
Sucrose Preference Test (SPT)
why would the open field test be used to measure motivation in depressed rats?
Measures exploration rates which is an indication of motivation levels
what tests are used to measure for anxiety and why? (4)
- Elevated plus maze - Tests anxiety levels (time spent in open arms)
- Open Field test - Measures avoidance of centre (anxiety-related behaviour)
- Light-Dark Box test - Measures avoidance behaviour
- Social interaction test - Reduced social interaction indicates anxiety-related avoidance
what part of the brain leads to increased avoidance behaviours in anxiety mouse models?
an overactive amygdala
what tests are typically used when measuring PTSD mouse models, and why? (3)
- Fear Conditioning test - trauma-associated fear responses
- Acoustic Startle Response - exaggerated fear reactions
- Social interactions test - PTSD models show avoidance & Social withdrawal
what parts of the brain dysfunction leads to abnormal fear memory processing? (2)
hippocampal and amygdala dysfunction
what tests are typically used to assess Bipolar Disorder, and why? (3)
- Locomotor activity monitoring - measures hyperactivity in manic states
- FST and TST - depressive phase assessment
- Sucrose Preference Test - Anhedonia in depressive states
what are the main mood disorders learnt about in this module?
- Depression
- Anxiety
- PTSD
- Bi-polar disorder
what are the main neurodegenerative diseases learnt about so far in this module? (4)
Parkinsons
Huntingtons
Alzheimers
Multiple Sclerosis
What test is primarily used to measure motor co-ordination?
Rotarod Test
what test is used to measure bradykinesia & movement initiation?
Pole test
why would the open field test be used to assess Parkinsons disease? (PD)
It assesses locomotor activity and rigidity
what test is used to measure coordination & dystonia, and which neurodegenerative disease is this test typically used?
Gait analysis (footprint test) - Huntingtons disease (HD)
why would the open field test be used to assess HD? (2)
locomotor activity & hyperactivity in early HD
What tests are used to typically assess Alzheimers disease (AD) and why? (2)
- MWM - measures spatial memory impairments
- Novel object recognition test - evaluates short-term memory
what tests are used typically to assess for Multiple sclerosis, and why? (3)
- Gait analysis - tests motor dysfunction
- Grip Strength test - assesses muscle weakness
- MRI in mice - detects white matter lesions
