*Experimental Methods Flashcards
What is the definition of an experiment in psychology?
An experiment involves manipulating the independent variable to measure the effects on the dependent variable.
What are the types of experiments in psychology?
Laboratory, field, natural, or quasi.
What is the purpose of an aim in psychological investigations?
Aims are general statements that describe the purpose of an investigation.
How are aims developed in psychological research?
Aims are developed from theories based on hours of research.
What is a hypothesis?
A statement made at the start of a study that describes the relationship between variables as stated by the theory.
What are the two types of hypotheses?
Directional and non-directional.
What characterizes a directional hypothesis?
It makes clear the sort of difference that is anticipated using words like more, less, higher, faster, and slower.
What is a non-directional hypothesis?
It states that there will be a difference, but the nature of the difference is not specified.
When do researchers tend to use a directional hypothesis?
When a theory or previous findings suggest a similar outcome.
When do researchers use a non-directional hypothesis?
When there is no theory or previous findings are contradictory.
What is the role of the independent variable (IV) in an experiment?
The researcher changes or manipulates the IV.
What is the dependent variable (DV) in an experiment?
The DV is recorded to measure the effect of the change in the IV.
What should remain constant in a properly run experiment?
All other variables that might potentially affect the DV.
Why is it important to keep other variables constant?
To ensure that any change in the DV is due to the IV and the IV alone.
What are the levels of the independent variable (IV)?
Different experimental conditions needed to test the effects of the IV.
