Experimental Designs

Question 1

Define ‘between subjects’ group design:

Answer 1

Participants are randomly assigned to experimental group/control group. Results of both groups are compared.

Question 2

Define ‘within subjects’ group design:

Answer 2

Repeated measures taken of same participants across conditions. Everybody gets treatment but at different stages.

Question 3

What are the limitations to single case designs?

Answer 3

A study involving a small group of people will not have much external validity/generality.

Question 4

To demonstrate external validity what should happen to single case research?

Answer 4

It should be repeated.

Question 5

Baseline:

Answer 5

Measurement of the behaviour prior to implementation of the IV.

Question 6

When can an ABAB design be used?

Answer 6

1. When behaviours are likely to reverse

2. When behaviours are not dangerous to the person.

Question 7

What is ‘Alternating Treatments’ design?

Answer 7

A design that allows simultaneous comparison of treatments to baseline by using rapid, RANDOM, alternations of the IV.

Question 8

Alternating treatments requires that..

Answer 8

treatments are independent of one another; using the two different treatments in close temporal proximity wont result in carry-over effects.

Question 9

Group designs show A_______ differences whereas single case designs show I_________ differences.

Answer 9

Average; Individual.