Experimental design + ethics

Question 1

Dependent variable

Answer 1

-variable we measure/observe
- Hope to observe a difference between conditions

Question 2

independent variable

Answer 2

• variable we manipulate/change
• Has multiple levels determining the conditions of your experiment

Question 3

Between subjects

Answer 3

• different ppt in each condition
  -each ppt contributes to 1 data-point
• data are independent

Question 4

within subjects

Answer 4

• each ppt takes part in all conditions
• same ppt contributes to multiple data points
• data are not independent
• Also known as repeated measures design

Question 5

Reliability

Answer 5

• consistency + stability of the measurement
• should produce similar results when repeated
• Test retest -> measuring same thing multiple times with similar results
• Inter-rater-> different researchers conduct same exp shouId score data similarly
• internal consistency -> multiple items or questions used to measure same concept + produce consistent results

Question 6

validity

Answer 6

• Accuracy of measurement- does it reflect real world Phenomena
• Does it truly measure what it claims to?
• Internal -> degree the results can be attributed to the manipulation of IV rather than other factors
• ecological/external -> external results generalised to real world situations
• construct -> experiment truly measure what it intends to
• criterion -> HOW well your measure corresponds to other similar measures

Question 7

choosing appropriate samples

Answer 7

• Try to test the population of interest
• scope of study
• limits on sample discussed

Question 8

Experimental control

Answer 8

• measure for Dv that has high reliability + validity scores
• use literature to select measures
• consider confounding variables: indiv + personality differences
• indiv differences accounted fer by random allocation to groups
• select randomly from population
• ensure sufficient sample size

Question 9

ethics intro

Answer 9

• ethics standards as a psychologist: BPS code of conduct + practice guidelines
• BPS definition = moral principles guiding research from its inception through to completion + puplication of results

Question 10

Research ethics- 4 principles

Answer 10

• scientific integrity
• social responsibility
• respect for autonomy / privacy + dignity
• Max benefits + minimise harm

Question 11

scientific integrity principle of ethics

Answer 11

• conduct research of high quality + integrity
• Don’t waste resources or ppts time
  -Don’t apply questionable research practices (only reporting things that work, changing hypothesis = hacking)

Question 12

social responsibility principle of ethics

Answer 12

• AIM of research should have potential to contribute to common good + not do harm
• Broader responsibility -> reflect on own work + collaborate
• consider potential outcomes + duel use implications

Question 13

Ethical considerations - MH questionnaire

Answer 13

• confidentiality + sensitive topics
  -withdrawal difficult when anonymous
• Topics car cause distress
• Need info sheet + debrief

Question 14

Ethical considerations - children in school setting

Answer 14

• vulnerable ppts who cant give consent
• TaSK suitability
• working with school: fits within curriculum + headteacher consents

Question 15

Ethical considerations - recorded interviews

Answer 15

• confidentiality: group settings, recordings, questions
• distress protocol- supervisor
• withdrawal not possible after - can’t edit recording

Question 16

Ethical considerations - social media data

Answer 16

• informed consent not possible
• potential to harm
• platform restrictions about use of data
• personal data
• What posts cant you work with? minors, private accounts