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Organic Chemistry LAB > Experiment#5: Chromatography > Flashcards

Experiment#5: Chromatography Flashcards

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1
Q

Used to separate mixtures of compounds and identify an unknown.

A

Chromatography

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2
Q

Exploits the differences in solubility and adsorption

A

Chromatography

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3
Q

CHROMATOGRAPHY
A name/name of the phase for the porous material used in chromatography.

A

Adsorbent or Stationary Phase

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4
Q

CHROMATOGRAPHY
A name/name of the phase for the solvent that moves the mixture through the adsorbent.

A

Eluent or Mobile Phase

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5
Q

CHROMATOGRAPHY
Uses a solid stationary phase and a liquid mobile phase, wherein separation is governed by the surface adsorption phenomena.

A

Adsorption Chromatography

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6
Q

Refers to the ability of a substance to “stick” to a surface.

A

Adsorption

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7
Q

ADSORPTION CHROMATOGRAPHY
Molecules of interest which are getting adsorbed on the adsorbent.

A

Adsorbate

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8
Q

ADSORPTION CHROMATOGRAPHY
The extent of adsorption of a single component depends on which 3 factors?

A
  • Polarity of the Molecule
  • Activity of the Adsorbent
  • Polarity of the Liquid Mobile Phase
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9
Q

CHROMATOGRAPHY
Uses a liquid stationary phase supported on the surface of a solid and a liquid or gas mobile phase which is insoluble in the stationary phase.

A

Partition Chromatography

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10
Q

CHROMATOGRAPHY
This type of chromatography is governed by differences in the solubility of the sample in the stationary and mobile phase.

A

Partition Chromatography

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11
Q

PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHY
Separation is based on _______ ________ between two liquid phases.

A

Solute Partitioning

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12
Q

CHROMATOGRAPHY
A type of solid-liquid adsorption chromatography that uses a thin layer of adsorbent supported on a flat surface as the solid phase.

A

Thin Layer Chromatography

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13
Q

THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
What are the 2 possible adsorbents found on the flat surface of a piece of glass or paper used as the solid/stationary phase?

A
  • Alumina
  • Silica Gel
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14
Q

THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
A polar adsorbent that can hydrogen bond.

A

Silica Gel

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15
Q

TRUE or FALSE | THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Polar components of the mixture will interact less with the silica gel and move faster up the TLC Plate.

A

FALSE. Polar components will interact more, and move less quickly.

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16
Q

TRUE or FALSE | THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Non-polar compounds will move faster and migrate further up the TLC Plate.

A

TRUE

17
Q

THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Provide at least 3 (or all) of the 5 purposes of Thin Layer Chromatography.

A
  • Identify compounds/unknown mixtures
  • Detect intermediates in reactions
  • Determine the progress of a reaction
  • Determine the number of components in a mixture
  • Evaluate the efficiency of purification processes
18
Q

CHROMATOGRAPHY
Technique for separating dissolved chemical substances by taking advantage of their different rates of migration across sheets of paper.

A

Paper Chromatography

19
Q

CHROMATOGRAPHY
Used to separate and identify amino acids in a mixture.

A

Paper Chromatography

20
Q

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Made of highly purified cellulose that absorbs and retains water (hydrophilic), serving as the stationary phase.

A

Filter Paper

21
Q

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
What is the solvent system for Paper Chromatography?

(Hint: 1:2 (v/v) 2% ______ _______-______ _______)

A

1:2 (v/v) 2% ammonium hydroxide-isopropyl alcohol

22
Q

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
The hydrophic organic solvent is drawn up the paper by ….?

A

Capillary Action

23
Q

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
A point where the sample is initially spotted on the paper.

A

Baseline or Origin

24
Q

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
The distance moved by the solvent along the paper.

A

Solvent Front

25
Q

COMPLETE THE STATEMENT | PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY

Separation takes place due to the A) _______ ______ of the components of the mixture for the B) ____ stationary phase and the mobile phase which is a relatively C)_____ solvent or solvent system.

A

A) Different affinities
B) Polar stationary phase
C) Non-polar solvent

26
Q

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
The rate at which the amino acid moves up the paper is related to its _____ ______ for the paper (which is hydrophilic) and the solvent (which is hydrophobic).

A

Relative Affinity

27
Q

TRUE or FALSE | PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Amino acids that are more soluble in the solvent will move less on the paper.

A

FALSE. They will move higher.

28
Q

TRUE or FALSE | PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Amino acids that are more attracted to the paper will move higher on the paper because they wish to cover more ground.

A

FALSE. They remain closer to the origin line.

29
Q

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Once the chromatogram has dried, the amino acids can be visualized by contacging the dried chromatogram with a 2% ______ solution in acetone.

A

Ninhydrin

30
Q

A substance that separates and moves constituents of a mixture through the column of a chromatograph.

A

Eluent

31
Q

Building blocks of proteins.

A

Amino Acids

32
Q

AMINO ACIDS
What are the 3 groups attached to an amino acid’s central carbon?

A
  1. Carboxylic Acid Group
  2. Amino Group
  3. R Group
33
Q

[AFTER THE EXPERIMENT]
What would be the effect of this following error?

  • The solvent in the developing chamber is higher than the spotted sample.
A

The spots will dissolve away

34
Q

[AFTER THE EXPERIMENT]
What would be the effect of this following error?

  • Too much sample is applied to the paper.
A

Deteriorates the quality of the separation (“tailing” occurs).

35
Q

[AFTER THE EXPERIMENT]
What would be the effect of this following error?

  • The paper is allowed to remain in the chamber after the solvent front has reached the top of the plate.
A

Solvent and sample would continue to move up and will all merge together at the top, eliminating any separation that happened earlier.

36
Q

[AFTER THE EXPERIMENT]
Why is it necessary to cover the developing chamber tightly during the development of a chromatogram?

A
  • Solvent vapor can saturate the air in the chamber to ensure maximum resolution between components.
  • To prevent the solvent from evaporating.
37
Q

What is the recommended size for samples during spotting?

A

1-2 Milimeters

Organic Chemistry LAB (10 decks)

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