EXPERIMENT 4 Factors Affecting enzyme Activity Flashcards
increase the reaction rate without changing the free energy.
Catalysts
kinds of enzymes
o Oxidoreductase (NAD, NADH+)
o Ligase
o Lyase
o Transferase (Vitamin B6)
o Hydrolase
o Isomerase
the reactant upon which the enzyme acts.
substrate
An enzyme contains an ____ that binds the substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex.
active site
The ___ releases the product/s once the reaction has occurred.
catalyst
Measure of rate at which the enzyme converts the substrate to products in a biochemical reaction.
ENZYME ACTIVITY
Factors that Affect Enzyme Activity:
o Temperature
o pH
o Substrate Concentration
o Enzyme Concentration
reacts with starch to form a starch or iodine complex, which gives a
characteristic blue color to the reaction mixture.
Iodine
o Test Tube 1: _____
o Test Tubes 2 to 4: ______
o Test Tube 5: _____
positive control
samples to check the activity
negative control
Add drops of saliva samples to test tubes _____
two (2) to four (4).
o Test Tube 1: _____
o Test Tubes 2 and 3: _____
o Test Tube 4: _____
o Test Tube 5: _____
Blue-Black (starch not digested)
Dark Blue
Light Brown
Gold (starch digested)
has an optimum pH of 7, so the activity of the enzyme at pH 7 is
at the maximum; thus, it will exhibit a _____ solution since the starch is
fully digestive.
alpha- amylase; yellow color
an inhibitor of -amylase, which will exhibit a blue-colored solution since no starch is digested.
Silver nitrate
Temperature is Lower than the Optimum
decreased catalytic activity due to insufficient energy for collisions.
temperature is Higher than the Optimum
enzyme denaturation may happen, thus inactivating the enzyme.
Small changes in the optimum pH value can result in the _______ since there can be acidic or basic amino acid residues in the enzyme.
denaturation of enzymes
Unraveling of the 3D structure of a macromolecule caused by the breakdown of non-covalent interactions that can result from:
o Heat
o Large changes in pH that alter charges on side chains
o Detergents like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) that disrupt hydrophobic
interactions
o Urea and guanidine hydrochloride that disrupt hydrogen bonding
o -mercaptoethanol
no biological activity as the enzyme activity will decrease.
Denatured
Inhibitors
2 mL of saliva sample + 10 drops 1% NaCl
2 mL of saliva sample + 10 drops 95% ethanol
2 mL of saliva sample + 10 drops AgNO3
what test tubes is in metal containing waste
mixture in test tube 3 + test tube 6 (Procedure C)
what is the amount of starch in a Dark blue- black
all - enzyme activity level is none
what is the amount of starch in a Blue
most- - enzyme activity level 1(low)
what is the amount of starch in a Light brown
Some - enzyme activity level 2 (moderate)
What is the amount of starch in a gold
none- enzyme activity level 3 (high)
