EXPERIMENT 4-7 IH Flashcards
common immunohematologic reaction
-HEMAGGLUTINATION
-HEMOLYSIS
most common immunohematologic reaction
HEMAGGLUTINATION
sample used in experiment 4
5% red cell suspension
disruption or destruction of rbc membrane
hemolysis
what is added to 5% rcs to yield positive reacTION FOR HEMOLYSIS
distilled water
what is added to 5% rcs to yield negative rESULT FOR HEMOLYSIS
NSS
this is termed as the clumping together of the rbcs resulting from interaction of rbc antigen to antibody
HEMAGGLUTINATION
interpret: intact cell button with clear supernatant
NO HEMOLYSIS
absence of cell button with red supernatant
complete hemolysis
presence of cell button with pink supernatant
partial hemolysis
interpret w+
tiny agglutinates turbid background
why is microscopic examination necessary
- to differentiate pseudoagglutination from true agglutination
- to determine mixed field reaction
- to confirm a negative reaction
false positive sources of error
-clotted specimen
-bacterial contamination
-metal contamination of NSS
-dirty glasswares
- overcentrifugation
-overreading
-contaminated AHG
false negative sources of errors
- inadequate washing of red cells
-inadequate incubation - old serum sample
- serum/AHG not added
- underfilling
- undercentrifugation
- cell suspension too weak/too heavy reactivity
-non-reactive AHG
developed gel method
DR. YVES LAPIERRE
advantage of uing gel method
-standardization
-smaller amount
-no need for washing
discovred ABO blood group
KARL LANDSTEINER
Most important of all blood group
ABO system
most immunogenic in transfusion practice
ABO SYSTEM
true or false:
ABO BLOOD GRP is the only blood group in which individuals have antibodies in their serum to antigens that are absent in their rbcs
TRUE
A.K.A cell typing
forward grouping
A.K.A serum typing
reverse grouping
what is being detected in forward grouping
antigen
what is being detected in reverse grouping
antibody
sample in forward grouping
red cell suspension
sample in reverse grouping
serum
reagent in forward grouping
antisera
reagent in reverse grouping
known A1 CELLS AND B CELLS
advantage of reverse grouping
highly recommended method for blood typing (specificity)
naturally occuring ntigens
ABH IgM
immune antibody
IgG
ABH antigens develop on what day of fetal life
37th day
what month can ABO be detected in serum
3-6 months
peak of ABO antibodies detected in serum
5-10 years
when will ABO antibodies declines
65 years of life
how many percent of individuals possess Se genes
78%
test for ——— may establish the true ABO group of an individual whose rbc antigens are poorly developed
ABH SECRETION
SUCH SECRETED ANTIGEN CAN BE DEMONSTRATED IN SALIVA BY what test
inhibition test with ABH AND LEWIS antisera
