Expedient Explosives (Chapter 13) Flashcards
- How much M112 is placed on a 81 mm?
1/3 block
- What is amount of comp B in a 60 mm?
1lb
- How much M112 is placed on a 60 mm?
¼ block
For Crimper method time fuse, Top of tightening nut to top of jaw is how many seconds?
4 Sec
- What is most crucial component of an expedient platter charge?
Buffer material for plate integrity (thick card board, or rubber)
- What is the formula for expedient shape charge?
Volume of Cylinder – Volume of Cone = Explosive Volume
- How much cover do you need for a dust initiator charge?
3 lb per 1000 cubic feet for enclosed
5 lb per 1000 cubic feet for partially enclosed
- What is one disadvantage of using expedient shaped charges?
Consistent results are difficult to obtain due to variables such as explosive density, configuration, and cavity liner density
- What is the formula for volume of cylinder?
3.14 x R^2 x Height of explosive
2 x height of the cone
- Can you remove the fuse from a white phosphorus grenade?
No.
- What is the minimum distance for emplace daisy chained claymores?
3-5 meters apart
- What container can be used to construct an expedient shaped charge?
Almost any container will work (Cans, Jars, bottles, drinking glasses, champagne, wine and whisky bottles)
Some containers have a built in cavity
- What is an expedient shaped charge?
Designed to produce a tubular or linear fracture/hole in a target
Use an explosively formed plasma jet to penetrate the target
- What is Munroe effect?
An explosive arranged in a concave pattern has a greater effect on a target.
Shock waves created from difference directions were found to increase in speed as they were reflected off eachother.
Greater concavity/depth = more effective
- What is difference between the Munroe effect and Miznay cardin effect?
Munroe effect: shock waves reflect to each other which increasing speed of explosive, and forms a Jet
Miznay effect: large sheet of explosive with a sturdy metal backing plate. Main force the explosion is directed away from the backing plate. After initiation, the explosion turns the metal plate into a blunt nosed projectile
- In a dust initiator charge, how much cover will 1lb of explosive effectively detonate?
Up to 40 lbs
- How much M112 is placed on a 4.2 IN?
½ block
- What is the ratio for M-4 fuel thickening compound per gallon of fuel? How much would you use for a 55 gallon fuel drum?
Use 3 ounces M-4 thickening compound per gallon
150 ounces M-4 and 50 gallons
- What is the amount of comp B in a 4.2 IN?
9lbs
- What types of explosive used in expedient shaped charge?
Plastic explosive
- What is the amount of comp B in a 81 mm?
2lbs
- What are the characteristics of dust initiator charge?
Most effective in closed spaces
Consists of an explosive, an incendiary mix, and a suitable, finely divided organic material (cover/dust) or a volatile fuel called a surround
Charge size is 1lb (half explosive / half incendiary mix)
- What is the formula for volume of cone?
3.14 x R^2 x 1/3 height of cone
- How much M112 is placed on a 105 mm?
½ block
- What types of fuel (oil) can be used for expedient flame fougasse?
Non ethanol gas
- What is the charge size of the dust initiator charge?
Charge size is 1lb (half explosive / half incendiary mix)
- What are the two ways to prime mortar rounds?
Prime from fuse-well
Remove carrying ring, or fuse, and pack fuse well with C4. 360 degree fragmentation and C4 conservation.
Prime externally
Up to 240mm, detonate with 2lbs explosives in good contact with case, just forward of rotating band
- How much M112 is placed on a 120 mm?
1 block
- What are the optimum characteristics of an expedient shape charge?
a) Cavity liner: Copper, zinc, glass, and tin
If unavailable, cut a cone shaped cavity into the explosive
b) Cavity angle: 42-45 degree (will work 30-60 degree)
c) Explosive height: two times the cone height
d) Standoff height: 1 ½ the diameter of cone
e) Detonation point: exact top center of the charge
Ensure cap is covered with explosive
- For Crimper method time fuse, base of leg to top of jaw is how many seconds?
25 sec
- What is the amount of comp B in a 120 mm?
10lbs
- What is the formula of dust initiator charge
Pounds of charge = (Cubic Volume divided by 1000) X 3 or 5 , then divide by 40
Round up to whole number
- All mortar and artillery have what?
All have COMP B filler with an RE Factor of 1.38
- For Crimper method time fuse, the nut itself is how many seconds?
1 Sec
- What explosive are claymores made of?
1.5lbs C4 filler with RE factor of 1.34
- What must be done prior to priming mortar and artillery rounds?
Remove increments (cheese charges, powder bags)
- What is the ratio of fertilizer to wax in AN Stachel Charge?
4 pounds of fertilizer to 1 pound of wax
- What is the amount of comp B in a 105 mm?
10lbs
- How do you calculate the amount of explosive for a grapeshot charge?
¼ of the projectile weight = amount of explosive
- What the explosive weight of an expedient platter charge and how do you it prime?
Explosive weight = weight of the plate (2-6 lbs)
Prime rear center
If no liner is present in an expedient shaped charge, how does it cut?
It uses a hot air jet
What are the cavity liner materials for an expedient shaped charge?
Copper (Best), tin, zinc, or glass
What are the angles for an expedient shaped charge?
42-45 degrees is ideal
30-60 degrees will work
What is the explosive height for an expedient shaped charge?
2 times the cone height
What is the standoff distance for an expedient shaped charge?
1.5 times the diameter of the cone
What is the detonation point for an expedient shaped charge?
Exact top center, ensure cap is covered with explosive
What is the plate weight for an expedient platter charge?
2-6 pounds
What are some possible containers for a grapeshot charge?
Ammo can, coffee can, #10 can
What are some possible projectiles for a grapeshot charge?
Nails, screws, bolts, small pieces of scrap metal
What are some possible buffer materials for a grapeshot charge?
Soil, leaves, felt, cloth, cardboard, wood
What explosive is used for a grapeshot charge?
M112
How much buffer is there for a grapeshot charge?
2 inches
What is the incendiary for a dust initiator charge?
Thermite or a mixture of 2 parts aluminum power/magnesium powder to 3 parts ferric oxide
What is the explosive for a dust initiator charge?
Powdered TNT
Describe the improvised borehole method
Det cord wick
Used to enlarge boreholes in soil
Tape together several 5 to 6 foot strands of det cord around a straight object
Ensure strands are the full length of the hole
Detonate electrically or nonelectrically
What is the rule of thumb for the improvised borehole method
A hole 10 inches in diameter holds 10 strands of det cord
When should you prime an ammonium nitrate satchel charge?
Before the mixture hardens
What are some benefits of an ammonium nitrate satchel charge?
Shrapnel can be added
Can be molded to any shape and size
Materials for an expedient flame fougasse/directional napalm?
Container (55 gal drum) Thickened fuel Kicker charge Trip flare/fuel bottle Det cord
What are the steps to employ an expedient flame fougasse/directional napalm?
Dig an angled trench (less than 45 degrees)
Leave cutout for kicker charge (2 lbs TNT/ 2 M112)
Prime with branch line
Place drum and kicker in trench, tamp
Better tamping = better range and directional effect
Wrap top of drum with 5-7 wraps of det cord, leave a 6-10 foot branch line
Prep Igniter by placing a branch line under the spoon of a thermite grenade or trip flare and tape down spoon (or use 2 liter plastic bottle of raw fuel primed with det cord)
Emplace small ring main for drum wraps, kicker, and igniter
Prime ring main
How far will a properly constructed expedient flame fougasse/directional napalm project flame? How long will it burn?
100 m
20-30 minutes
For Crimper method time fuse, top of the tightening nut to top of jaw is how many seconds?
4 seconds
How long should your test burn be when using crimper method for time fuse?
Full length
How accurate can the crimper method for time fuse be?
+/- 5 seconds
What are the fundamentals of demo ambush?
Command detonation
Place charges for max effect
(Charge angle/height, ditches/culverts/manholes, along known enemy routes)
Emplacement of the ambush
(Curves, intersections, and choke points)
What munitions are used in a demo ambush?
Expedient mortar and artillery rounds
Remote firing M72 and AT4
Delay and instantaneous grenades
Daisy chaining claymores
What do expedient mortar and artillery rounds add to an explosive attack?
Produce fragmentation
How should expedient mortar and artillery rounds be placed on the ground?
On side to avoid hitting primer in the base
Where should expedient mortar and artillery rounds be taped and primed with C4?
Widest part of the round: The borlay
What is the RE factor of Comp B
1.38
Steps for priming the M72 LAW for command detonation
Remove 2 screws at the rear of the LAW
Pull/Pry out primer
Stand blasting cap on the primer
Ensure good cap to primer contact, center to center
Steps for employing the M72 LAW
Aim Brace/Re-aim Prime Aim Fire
Steps for priming the AT4 for command detonation
Remove hex bolts
Expose primer
Stand cap on primer
How are daisy chained claymores primed?
With 8 strips of Det cord equal to the length of the back of the mine (M18), and a free running end long enough for separation on either side (4 strips above, 4 strips below, secured with glue or double sided tape, and then fully taped)
How do you build a hand grenade delay?
Run a bight of det cord under the spoon and tape with at least 2 wraps
Emplace and pull the pin
Tie in
How do you build an instantaneous hand grenade?
Remove fuse
S fold 3 lengths of Det cord into fuse well
Tape
Tie in
Procedures for instantaneous and delay white phosphorous grenade
Instantaneous: wrap Det cord 5-10 times around body
Delay: same as HE
Expedient M11 procedures
Take unused M12/13 Conduct a blow test Cut 6 inches longer than desired length, minimum Conduct a blow test on that end Measure depth of MDI into non-electric ca, mark Tape above and below the line Build up diameter using tape Crimp Tape the crimp end of the cap
Note: Lead azide will adhere to the shock tube after inserting it into the cap
