Exotoxins Flashcards

1
Q

Which exotoxins inactivate elongation factor 2?

A

diptheria toxin

exotoxin A of pseudomonas

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2
Q

Where does shiga toxin act on?

A

inactivate 60S ribosome

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3
Q

How is shiga like toxin different from actual shiga toxin

A

EHEC doesnt invade host cells

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4
Q

ETEC secretes two toxins what are they and their MOAs

A

heat labile - inc cAMP - inc Cl secretion
heat stable - inc cGMP - dec absorption of NaCl

“labile in the Air - adenylate cyclase, stable on the ground”

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5
Q

What is the toxin of anthrax

A

edema toxin - inc cAMP

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6
Q

how does cholera toxin inc cAMP vs pertussis toxin

A

cholera: permanently activates Gs
pertussis: diables Gi

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7
Q

What is the toxin of C perfringens

A

alpha toxin - lecthinase that degrades tissue and cell membranes

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8
Q

What are the toxins of strep pyogenes?

A

strep O - degrades cell membrane - antibodies used to diagnose RF

exotoxin A - superantigen causes TSS

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9
Q

What is the toxin of staph aureus

A

TSST1 - superantigen
exfoliative toxin - scalded skin syndrome
enterotoxin - immediate food poisoning

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10
Q

Superantigens cause overwhelming release of which cytokines? how do they do this?

A

binds to MHC II and TCR

IL1, 2, IFN gamma, TNF alpha

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11
Q

What is the active factor of LPS? what does it cause??

A

Lipid A

IL1 - fever
TNF alpha - fever and hypotension
NO - hypotension

activates complement
c3a - hypotension, edema
c5a - neutrophil chemotaxis

tissue factor –> coag cascade –> DIC

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12
Q

How do the the ADP ribosylating AB toxins work?

A

B - binding component

A - attaches ADP ribosyl to disrupt cell proteins

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13
Q

Name some ADP ribosylating AB toxins

A
Diptheria toxin
exotoxin A
shiga toxin
heat labile toxin
edema toxin
cholera toxin
pertussis toxin 
tetanospasmin toxin
botulinum toxin
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