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Year 4 EXOTICS > Exotics 2: Preventive exotics medicine > Flashcards

Exotics 2: Preventive exotics medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

LOS

A
  1. Recognise different strategies of preventative medicine
  2. Adapt and adjust those strategies to each species/ individual
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2
Q

what is a key part of preventative “medicine” in exotics animals?

A

a lot of morbidities are caused by inadequate husbandry.
O needs to be really clued up
with new patients go over husbandry

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3
Q

What dz do we vaccinate rabbits for in the UK

A
  • Myxomatosis (white rabbit)
  • Viral Haemorrhagic Disease (VHD) 1 and 2
    o Jaundice rabbit
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4
Q

Vaccines commonly available to rabbits in the UK

A
  1. Myxo-RHD® plus, MSD Animal Health = Protection against Myxo, VHS 1 AND 2
  2. Myxo-RHD® = Protection only Myxo+ VHD-1) MSD Animal Health
  3. Filavac® =Protection (only VHD-1 + VHD-2)
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5
Q

Myxomatosis RHD plus
protocol, what is it vaccinating against?

A
  1. for myxomatosis and viral haemorrhage disease 1 and 2
  2. from 5 weeks
  3. immunity in 3 weeks
  4. yr booster
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6
Q

filvac protocol
what for?

A
  1. for viral haemorrhage virus 1 and 2
  2. from 10 weeks old
  3. yr booster
    need to give myxoRHD as well (from 2 weeks) as filvac doesn’t cover myxomatosis too.
  4. vaccines given 2-3 weeks apart
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7
Q

What dz do we vaccinate ferrets for in the uk?

A
  1. Distemper which is fatal in all
  2. rabies if travelling
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8
Q

Distemper vaccination

A
  1. Currently not therefore use dog off license
  2. Nobivac DHP or DHPPi
    MUST GIVE with STERILE SALINE/ WATER not the solvent
    this helps reduce vaccination reactions in ferrets
  3. first dose at 12 weeks
  4. yrly booster
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9
Q

Rabies vaccination in ferrets

A
  • Ferrets traveling to/from other countries
    o Always check guidance
  • Nobivac® Rabies, MSD Animal Health
  • First dose at 12 weeks
  • Boosters every 18 months
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10
Q

What are vaccination reactions in ferrets?

A

Anaphylactic reactions (5-25 min after vaccine):
* Hyperaemia, vomiting, hypersalivation; occasionally diarrhoea
* More severe cases dyspnoea + cyanosis
* Independent of previous vaccination history
* Can happen with any vaccine
* > risk with modified live chicken embryo Distemper vaccines
* Incidence in the UK?
* Is it more a regional (US) problem?
o North America
o Greater use of live modified

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11
Q

Ferret has a vaccination reaction
what do you do?

A

tx as EMERGENCY!!

  • Adrenaline0.01-0.02mg/kg IV, IM, IT
  • Diphenhydramine0.5-2mg/kg IM, IV, PO TID-BID
  • Dexamethasone0.25-1mg/kg IV or Prednisolone 5-10mg/kg IV
  • Supportive care: SupplO2, IVFT, etc
  • All to manage anaphylaxis
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12
Q

How do we manage vaccination reactions in ferrets?

A
  • Careful selection of vaccine
  • Reconstitute vaccine with sterile water/saline
    o Prevent reaction to solvent
  • Diphenhydramine 2mg/kg PO, SC 15-30 min before vaccine
    o If previous reaction
  • If ferret needs D and R, Give Distemper and Rabies vaccines 3-4 weeks apart
  • Monitor ferrets 20-30 min post-vaccination
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13
Q

What do we vaccinate pigeons for

A

o Avian pox and Pigeon paramyxovirus (Colombovac)
o Not usually done by vets in veterinary practice but are available

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14
Q

What do we vaccinate canaries for?

A

o Avian pox (poximune C)
o Large number of birds in a breeding facility
o Vaccines may not be largely available

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15
Q

What do we vaccinate poultries, turkeys, ducks and geese for>

A

o Same vaccination schedules used in industry?
o Not normally done for pets but can

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16
Q

parasite prevention In exotics

A
  1. Adequate husbandry–patient’s immune system + stim natural resistance
  2. Regular cleaning/hygiene –environmental parasite load
  3. Routine faecal testing–early infection detection
  4. Preventive worming/ectoparasiticides–on a case-by-case basis. Not like C&D
17
Q

exotics and pin worms

A

OXYURIDS
* Common findings in routine faecal testing: esp reptiles
o Reptiles (mostly lizards and tortoises)
o Rabbits
o Occasionally Rodents
* Considered commensals or actually beneficial? – keep ingesta moving
* Not necc pathogenic
* Numbers (faecal egg count/epg) increase in immunosuppressed patients
o Early marker something is wrong
* Before dispensing medication assess:
o Faecal (ideally w/ egg count)
o Patient (clinical exam)
o Environment (clinical history)
o May not have to tx

18
Q

Ciliates and exotics

A
  • mostly reptiles + herbovore
  • Commensals/low pathogenicity:
    o Tortoises
    o Herbivore lizards
  • Significant on any other reptile species:
    o 2ary/opportunistic pathogens
    o 1ary agents
  • Detected with direct wet mounts
19
Q

list opeiotn for wormers in exotics

A
  1. Praziquantel
  2. Oxfensazole (round worm)
  3. Fenbendazole
  4. IVERMECTIN
20
Q

When would you usePraziquantel

A

Tapeworms
* ◦Oral, injectable and spot-on options

21
Q

When would you use Oxfendazole

A

– round worms
* ◦Nematodes
* ◦Oral administration

22
Q

When would you use FENBENDAZOLE

A
  • ◦CARE -Toxicity described in several species
  • ◦Oral administration
  • See mostly in brids, rabbits – causes bone marrow suppression and immune suppression
23
Q

When would you use ivermectin

A

Ivermectin
* Round worms, mites and ticks
* ◦Also related molecules: Selamectin, Moxidectin
* ◦Nematodes (and external parasites)
* ◦Injectable, oral and spot-on
* ◦TOXIC to Chelonians (tortoise), skinks and some snake species

Year 4 EXOTICS (5 decks)

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