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PCP EOY - Repro > Exotics > Flashcards

Exotics Flashcards

1
Q

exotic mammals - ovarian and uterine disease signs

A

infertility
abdominal distension
weight loss
poor bcs
vaginal discharge
anorexia, lethargy
pain
GI ileus, stasis

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2
Q

exotic mammals - mammary disease signs

A

masses
swollen glands
discharge
pyrexia
non-specific

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3
Q

exotic mammals - testicular disease signs

A

change in shape and texture
change in libido
inflammation/papules/ulcers

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4
Q

exotic mammals - ddx repro, other systems

A

urinary tract disease
normal urine pigmentation
ascites

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5
Q

exotic mammals - ddx ovarian disease

A

abscesses
cysts
neoplasia

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6
Q

exotic mammals - ddx uterine disease

A

uterine adenocarcinoma - rabbits
polyps
pyometra
metritis
endometritis
hydrometra
endometrial hyperplasia
torsion
endometrial aneurysm

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7
Q

exotic mammals - ddx vaginal disease

A

congenital
neoplasia
prolapse
vulvitis

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8
Q

exotic mammals - ddx other

A

pregnancy
dystocia
pseudopregnancy
pregnancy toxemia

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9
Q

exotic mammals - ddx mammary disease

A

neoplasia
mastitis

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10
Q

exotic mammals - ddx male repro

A

testicular torsion
cryptorchidism
orchitis
epididymitis
prostatic cysts - male neutered rabbits
trauma
trepomena paraluis cuniculi

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11
Q

reptiles - follicular stasis

A

pre-ovaulatory egg binding
older female tortoises

foolicles not resorbed –> inflammation –> coelomitis
due to inability to produce progesterone
recent exposure to male after isolation
inappropriate diet
inappropriate husbandry
stress
lack of hibernation

bloods - raised calcium and proteins
ultrasound - inflamed follicles

treatment - fluids, nutritional support, correct husbandry, ovariectomy

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12
Q

reptiles - dystocia (Egg retention)

A

non obstructive -
lack of suitable nesting site, stress, hypocalcemia, infection in oviduct, poor muscle tone

obstructive -
oversized or malformed eggs, oviductal stricture, space occupying lesion

signs -
abnormal posutre
hind limb paresis
anorexia
malodorous cloacal discharge
decal or urinary retention
cloacal prolapse

diagnosis - radiography

treatment - fluids, nutritional support, nesting site, calcium gluconate, oxytocin, put tortoise in warm shallow bath, surgical ovocentesis

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13
Q

reptiles - cloacal prolapse

A

signs -
visible prolapse of organs
swelling
trauma
abnormal discharges
myiasis

digital exam to assess gravidity, colon and caecal tone, cystic calculi and presence of any space occupying lesions
identify what tissue is prolapsed

cover prolapse with glove or clingfilm

causes -
GI impaction
dystocia
parasites
hypocalcemia
space occupying lesions

radiography - for fecal or foreign body obstruction or dystocia

treatment - address underlying causes, GA to replace prolapse

if necrotic phallus - amputate

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14
Q

birds - dystocia

A

emergency if compressing blood vessel

radiography - to identify location

treatment - warmth, fluids, calcium, PGE2 get, or GA from manual delivery

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15
Q

birds - chronic egg laying

A

production of repeated clutches or larger than normal clutches
depletes calcium and protein sotres - poor bone density, weight loss, fractures, dystocia

prevention -
reduced photoperiod
remove nesting material
nutritional modification - encourage foraging
suprelorin implant - decreased LH and FSH
lupron implant - prevent prolactin release

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16
Q

ferret - oestrogen induced anemia

A

persistent anemia
thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia
coagulopathy

swollen vulva
bone marrow suppression
pale mm
abdominal distension

poor prognosis

17
Q

rabbits - common issues

A

extrauterine pregnancy
dystocia
pseudopregnancy - self limiting
pregnancy toxemia - late gestation - can get abortion, seizures and death
pyo
mucometra
hydrometra
uterine adenocarcinoma - may also see cystic mamary glands, lungs metastases
mammary masses
mastitis - during lactation or pseduopregnancy

testicular tumours - seminomas, interstitial cell tumours, lymphoma
cryptorchidism
orchitis and epididymitis - bacterial is pasteurella, viral is myxo, or from trauma
testicular trauma - bite wounds, secnodary infection
venereal spirochetosis - treponema paraluis cuniculi - redness, oedema, vesicles, ulcers, scabs around perineum, genitalia and face

18
Q

ferrets - common problems

A

hyperoestrogenism
psudopregnancy
uterine disease - pyo, muco, hydro - ascending infection from poor hygiene
neoplasia
mastitis

prostatic disease
adrenal disease - common in male surgically neutered ferret - no feedback loop, adrenocortical hyperplasia and tumour formation - symmetrical alopecia, sexual behaviour, urinary incontinence due to prostatic enlargement

19
Q

gerbils - common problems

A

ovarian disease - cysts and neoplasia

abdominal distension
bilateral alopecia
weight loss
decreased appetite
respiratory effort

20
Q

hamsters - common problems

A

pyo

21
Q

rates and mice - common problems

A

neoplasia

mammary tumours - in weird places - subcutaenous fibroadenoma

preventative early neutering - oestrogen and prolactin may play a role

22
Q

guinea pigs - common problem

A

cystic rete ovarii - bilateral alopecia

dystocia - fused pubic symphysis - unproductive contraction, blood-green/brown discharge

pregnancy toxemia - late gestation - hypoglycemia,

ketonemia, proteinuria, aciduria, acetone breath

neoplasia

23
Q

chinchilla - common problems

A

primary repro disease rare

can get a constrictive fur ring around base of penis

24
Q

hedgehogs - common problems

A

uterina neoplasia - adenocarcinoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma or spindle cell tumour

endometrial polyps

all conditions show haemorrhagic discharge or hematuria

25
Q

PD - rabbits

A

gestation - 30-32 days

10 - palpate - olive size
12 - ultrasound
14 - difficult to tell abdominally

fetuses will not survive after day 35

26
Q

indications for surgical neutering

A

pregnancy prevention
disease prevention
improve behaviour/quality of life
treatment of reproductive tract disease

27
Q

ferrets - neutering

A

surgical neutering may predispose females to adrenal disease
must be taken out of season or can get persistent oestrus

pineal gland - melatonin in response to reduced photoperiod
melatonin –> GnRH –> LH anf FSH –> oestrogen or testosterone release

still do this when neutered but no negative feedback loop
pancytopenia

bring out of oestrus -
natural mating
vasectomised male - ligated vas deferens

implants or injections
jill jab
deslorelin implant - licensed in males - need to keep males and females separate a few weeks after put in

28
Q

rabbits - neutering

A

prevent unwanted pregnancies and uterine disease
easily infected - vagina fills with urine during micturition

ovaiovaginectomy

prone to fat necrosis and adhesions

29
Q

rodents - neutering

A

surgery
flank approach

guinea pigs - ventral midline, needs a large incision because ovaries far away

males fertile for 8 weeks after castration

PCP EOY - Repro (5 decks)

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