Exotics Flashcards
exotic mammals - ovarian and uterine disease signs
infertility
abdominal distension
weight loss
poor bcs
vaginal discharge
anorexia, lethargy
pain
GI ileus, stasis
exotic mammals - mammary disease signs
masses
swollen glands
discharge
pyrexia
non-specific
exotic mammals - testicular disease signs
change in shape and texture
change in libido
inflammation/papules/ulcers
exotic mammals - ddx repro, other systems
urinary tract disease
normal urine pigmentation
ascites
exotic mammals - ddx ovarian disease
abscesses
cysts
neoplasia
exotic mammals - ddx uterine disease
uterine adenocarcinoma - rabbits
polyps
pyometra
metritis
endometritis
hydrometra
endometrial hyperplasia
torsion
endometrial aneurysm
exotic mammals - ddx vaginal disease
congenital
neoplasia
prolapse
vulvitis
exotic mammals - ddx other
pregnancy
dystocia
pseudopregnancy
pregnancy toxemia
exotic mammals - ddx mammary disease
neoplasia
mastitis
exotic mammals - ddx male repro
testicular torsion
cryptorchidism
orchitis
epididymitis
prostatic cysts - male neutered rabbits
trauma
trepomena paraluis cuniculi
reptiles - follicular stasis
pre-ovaulatory egg binding
older female tortoises
foolicles not resorbed –> inflammation –> coelomitis
due to inability to produce progesterone
recent exposure to male after isolation
inappropriate diet
inappropriate husbandry
stress
lack of hibernation
bloods - raised calcium and proteins
ultrasound - inflamed follicles
treatment - fluids, nutritional support, correct husbandry, ovariectomy
reptiles - dystocia (Egg retention)
non obstructive -
lack of suitable nesting site, stress, hypocalcemia, infection in oviduct, poor muscle tone
obstructive -
oversized or malformed eggs, oviductal stricture, space occupying lesion
signs -
abnormal posutre
hind limb paresis
anorexia
malodorous cloacal discharge
decal or urinary retention
cloacal prolapse
diagnosis - radiography
treatment - fluids, nutritional support, nesting site, calcium gluconate, oxytocin, put tortoise in warm shallow bath, surgical ovocentesis
reptiles - cloacal prolapse
signs -
visible prolapse of organs
swelling
trauma
abnormal discharges
myiasis
digital exam to assess gravidity, colon and caecal tone, cystic calculi and presence of any space occupying lesions
identify what tissue is prolapsed
cover prolapse with glove or clingfilm
causes -
GI impaction
dystocia
parasites
hypocalcemia
space occupying lesions
radiography - for fecal or foreign body obstruction or dystocia
treatment - address underlying causes, GA to replace prolapse
if necrotic phallus - amputate
birds - dystocia
emergency if compressing blood vessel
radiography - to identify location
treatment - warmth, fluids, calcium, PGE2 get, or GA from manual delivery
birds - chronic egg laying
production of repeated clutches or larger than normal clutches
depletes calcium and protein sotres - poor bone density, weight loss, fractures, dystocia
prevention -
reduced photoperiod
remove nesting material
nutritional modification - encourage foraging
suprelorin implant - decreased LH and FSH
lupron implant - prevent prolactin release
ferret - oestrogen induced anemia
persistent anemia
thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia
coagulopathy
swollen vulva
bone marrow suppression
pale mm
abdominal distension
poor prognosis
rabbits - common issues
extrauterine pregnancy
dystocia
pseudopregnancy - self limiting
pregnancy toxemia - late gestation - can get abortion, seizures and death
pyo
mucometra
hydrometra
uterine adenocarcinoma - may also see cystic mamary glands, lungs metastases
mammary masses
mastitis - during lactation or pseduopregnancy
testicular tumours - seminomas, interstitial cell tumours, lymphoma
cryptorchidism
orchitis and epididymitis - bacterial is pasteurella, viral is myxo, or from trauma
testicular trauma - bite wounds, secnodary infection
venereal spirochetosis - treponema paraluis cuniculi - redness, oedema, vesicles, ulcers, scabs around perineum, genitalia and face
ferrets - common problems
hyperoestrogenism
psudopregnancy
uterine disease - pyo, muco, hydro - ascending infection from poor hygiene
neoplasia
mastitis
prostatic disease
adrenal disease - common in male surgically neutered ferret - no feedback loop, adrenocortical hyperplasia and tumour formation - symmetrical alopecia, sexual behaviour, urinary incontinence due to prostatic enlargement
gerbils - common problems
ovarian disease - cysts and neoplasia
abdominal distension
bilateral alopecia
weight loss
decreased appetite
respiratory effort
hamsters - common problems
pyo
rates and mice - common problems
neoplasia
mammary tumours - in weird places - subcutaenous fibroadenoma
preventative early neutering - oestrogen and prolactin may play a role
guinea pigs - common problem
cystic rete ovarii - bilateral alopecia
dystocia - fused pubic symphysis - unproductive contraction, blood-green/brown discharge
pregnancy toxemia - late gestation - hypoglycemia,
ketonemia, proteinuria, aciduria, acetone breath
neoplasia
chinchilla - common problems
primary repro disease rare
can get a constrictive fur ring around base of penis
hedgehogs - common problems
uterina neoplasia - adenocarcinoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma or spindle cell tumour
endometrial polyps
all conditions show haemorrhagic discharge or hematuria
