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exotic animal care > Exotic Animal Care - Final Exam > Flashcards

Exotic Animal Care - Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

With birds, oxygen exchange occurs on _______

A

inspiration

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2
Q

Expiration _________ a bird’s oxygen use

A

increases

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3
Q

Birds have _________ respiratory cycles

A

2

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4
Q

Why do birds have 2 respiratory cycles?

A

needed for air to completely flow through air sacs

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5
Q

What happens on a bird’s first inhalation?

A

air flows through the trachea & mainly into the posterior(rear) air sacs

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6
Q

What hapens on a bird’s first exhalation?

A

air moves from the posterior(rear) air sacs and into the lungs

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7
Q

What happens on a bird’s second inspiration?

A

air moves from the lungs into the anterior(front) air sacs

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8
Q

What happens on a bird’s second expiration?

A

airs moves from anterior(front) air sacs back to trachea and out

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9
Q

Feathers are made of _________

A

keratin

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10
Q

Birds have ______ along with small rigid lungs

A

air sacs

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11
Q

Birds lack a _______ for breathing

A

diaphragm

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12
Q

How do birds breathe with no diaphragm?

A

chest moves up & down by relying on muscles movement & pressure changes in air sacs

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13
Q

A bird’s trachea is _______________

A

larger than mammals for more air intake

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14
Q

Most of a bird’s head is a ________

A

sinus

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15
Q

T or F: Smell is more important than sight in birds

A

false

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16
Q

Cere

A

area at base of upper beak that surrounds nostrils

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17
Q

Which bones are the heaviest in birds?

A

leg bones

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18
Q

Hollow bones have ______ to add strength

A

criss-crossing “struts”

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19
Q

Lack of prominent keel bone is used to evaluate a birds ________

A

Body Condition Score/BCS

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20
Q

Keel bone

A

extension of sternum & provides flight muscle attachment

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21
Q

T or F: The bilobed uropygial gland is absent in birds like amazon parrots & hyacinths macaw

A

true

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22
Q

Bilobed Uropygial

A

(preen) gland that helps birds waterproof themselves

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23
Q

2 important glands in a bird

A

Bilobed Uropygial gland
ear gland

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24
Q

T or F: Bird feet don’t have thick skin & scales

A

false

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25
Q

How thin is Avian skin?

A

2-4 cell layers thick (similar to human eyelids)

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26
Q

Rachis

A

upper portion of feather shaft - barbs are attached to this

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27
Q

Barbs

A

Branches off rachis which form the vane

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28
Q

Afterfeather

A

downy lower barbs of feather

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29
Q

Downy Barbs

A

soft barbs used for warmth

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30
Q

Calamus Shaft

A

hollow part of shaft that attaches feather to follicle

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31
Q

Vane

A

flattened part of the feather

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32
Q

T or F: Once a feather has mature the blood supply is sealed off

A

true

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33
Q

T or F: New fleathers can’t bleed

A

false - these are called pin/blood feathers which can be fatal if broken

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34
Q

The barbs of a feather have _______ that hook into each other

A

barbules

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35
Q

The rachis has what attached to it?

A

small barbs

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36
Q

The main shaft of a feather is called ________

A

rachis

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37
Q

T or F: Feathers lay in tracts

A

true

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38
Q

Feathers are formed in tiny _____ of the ______

A

follicles, epidermis

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39
Q

Pygostyle typically supports what? (birds)

A

tail feathers

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40
Q

Where do primaries originate from? (birds)

A

carpus, metacarpus & pygostyle

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41
Q

6 parts of feather anatomy

A

Calamus shaft
Downy barb
Afterfeather
Rachis
Barb
Vane

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42
Q

Four feather types

A

primaries
pygostyle
secondaries
contour

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43
Q

Primaries

A

wing remiges & tail rectrices

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44
Q

Pygostyle

A

triangular plate formed of caudal & vertebrae - supports the tail feathers

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45
Q

Secondaries

A

large feathers that radiate from radius & ulna

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46
Q

Contour

A

feathers that cover body/wings/tail

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47
Q

What are feathers used for?

A

flight
insulation/thermoregulation
protection
attracting a mate

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48
Q

What is keratin?

A

fibrous structural protein

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49
Q

Eating of feces or dung

A

coprophagy

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50
Q

Best combination for rabbit bonding?

A

altered male & female

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51
Q

Dewlaps

A

loose skin that hangs under a intact sexually matured female rabbit’s neck

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52
Q

Is a ferret a carnivore, omnivore or herbivore?

A

carnivore

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53
Q

Are vaccinations required for a ferret?

A

yes - canine distemper & rabies

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54
Q

Some health issues with ferrets

A

fatal anemia
cancer
heart disease
epizootic catarrhal entritis

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55
Q

Rodent

A

gnawing animals that have continously growing incisors(hypselodonty)

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56
Q

Why is it important to NOT lift a mouse/rat by the tail?

A

this cause their tail to slough off / sloughing

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57
Q

Are mice/rats carnivores, herbivores or omnivores?

A

omnivores

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58
Q

How can we determine whether a mouse/rat is a male/female?

A

distance between the anus & genitalia

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59
Q

Why are rats used in laboratory settings?

A

all disease-linked human genes are duplicated in rats

60
Q

Why shouldn’t 2 white chinchillas be bred together?

A

25% chance of getting a homozygous fetus = fetus WILL die

61
Q

Are chinchillas carnivores, herbivores or omnivores?

A

herbivores

62
Q

Something in male chinchillas owners should know about

A

fur ring around penis

63
Q

Malocclusion

A

misalignment of teeth when jaw is closed

64
Q

Grunting/growling/charging in rabbits

A

angry
threatened
territorial
may bite

65
Q

Feet circling in rabbits

A

indicates love
originally courtship behaviour
way of asking for attention

66
Q

Thumping/stomping in rabbits

A

frightened/threatened
mad
irritated
warning others of danger

67
Q

Things we can do to minimize stress in rabbits during a vet visit

A

seperate waiting rooms
change into clean scrubs
rabbit should be in their travel cage
non-slip surfaces

68
Q

T or F: Rabbits can have the same ectoparasites as cats & dogs

A

true

69
Q

A zoonotic disease both rodents & rabbits have

A

ringworm

70
Q

What are considered rabbit emergencies?

A

anorexia
diarrhea
presence of cecotropes

71
Q

T or F: It’s easier to bond rabbits when intact

A

false

72
Q

Why should rabbits be neutered?

A

prevents testicular cancer
reduces urine marking
decreases urine smell

73
Q

Uterine Adenocarcinoma

A

uterine cancer - cancer of the uterus

74
Q

Why should rabbits be spayed?

A

Prevents false pregnancies
prevents uterine adenocarcinoma
prevents pyometra

75
Q

Why shouldn’t rabbits be fasted pre surgery?

A

can’t vomit
can cause GI stasis - fatal

76
Q

A dewlap & its use

A

loose skin that hangs under a intact mature female rabbits chin that’s plucked for nest lining

77
Q

When can rabbits breed after giving birth?

A

24 hours

78
Q

Rabbits are _________ ovulators

A

induced

79
Q

Common cause of malocclusion in rabbits

A

improper diet

80
Q

Treats should make up ____% of a rabbits diet

A

0-5%

81
Q

Pellets should make up ____% of a rabbits diet

A

0-10%

82
Q

Veggies should make up ____% of a rabbits diet

A

8-10%

83
Q

Hay should make up ______% of a rabbits diet

A

80-85%

84
Q

T or F: Rabbits should be fasted for surgery

A

false

85
Q

Why can’t rabbits vomit?

A

lack of gag reflex
thin & weak diaphragm
incapable of reverse peristalsis

86
Q

Why we avoid the elizabethan collars on rabbits

A

because rabbits need to eat their cecotropes

87
Q

Why do rabbits need to eat their cecotropes?

A

to obtain further nutritional value

88
Q

Second type of rabbit poop produced by the cecum

A

cecotropes

89
Q

T or F: Cecum comprises 40% of total GI capacity

A

true

90
Q

Type of digestive system a rabbit has

A

hind-gut fermenters

91
Q

Is a rabbit a carnivore, omnivore or herbivore?

A

herbivore

92
Q

T or F: Rabbits have a high bone to muscle ratio

A

false - only 8% of their body weight is bone

93
Q

Location of rabbit eyes & why

A

sides of their head - prey animal so a wide vision range is needed

94
Q

5 rabbit breeds

A

angora
lionhead
holland lop
dwarf
rex rabbit

95
Q

Difference between a rabbit & hare

A

rabbits: altricial - born without fur, ears/eyes closed
hares: precocial - born fully furred, ears/eyes open

96
Q

Difference between a lagomorph & rodent

A

lagomorphs: two pair of incisors
rodent: one pair of incisors

97
Q

Lagomorphs

A

rabbits

98
Q

Can rabbits be litter trained?

A

yes

99
Q

Tonic Immobility

A

state of motor inhibition that can happen in prey animals, like paralysis - fear response

100
Q

Main trigger of tonic immobility in rabbits

A

lying them on their backs

101
Q

Best way to restrain a ferret

A

scruffing

102
Q

Issue with ferrets in pet stores coming from 2 farms

A

small gene pool - lots of health issues

103
Q

Original purpose of ferrets

A

ability to hunt rabbits & control the rodent population

104
Q

Nocturnal

A

most active at night

105
Q

Diurnal

A

most active during the day

106
Q

Crepuscular

A

most active at dawn & dusk

107
Q

Total teeth amount of rabbits

A

16 deciduous, 28 total

108
Q

What is fur-slip?

A

chinchillas release a large patch of fur in response to being roughly grabbed

109
Q

Why shouldn’t we bathe chinchillas?

A

fur takes too long to dry - opens up chinchilla to fungal infection

110
Q

Type of bath appropriate for a chinchilla

A

dust bath

111
Q

Chinchilla offspring, like hares, are _______

A

precocial

112
Q

Rabbit chinning

A

a rabbits way of claiming territoty - chin has scent glands

113
Q

Most difficult combination for rabbit bonding

A

2 females

114
Q

Why’re cedar & pine shavings advised against for small animals?

A

contain aerosols toxic to the liver & lungs

115
Q

Purpose of porphyrin in rats

A

lubrication & phermones

116
Q

Most common chinchilla colour

A

standard grey

117
Q

Rat-free province

A

alberta

118
Q

Type of hay to NOT feed adult rabbits & why

A

Alfalfa hay - calcium phosphorous ratio increases urinary stones/bladder sludge

119
Q

What age of rabbits can eat alfalfa hay?

A

udner 4 months old

120
Q

Why is hay important for a rabbits diet?

A

wears down teeth
promotes GI health

121
Q

Mus Musculus

A

common house mouse

122
Q

When does a mouse reach puberty?

A

4-6 weeks old

123
Q

Gestation period for mice

A

19-21 days

124
Q

How long after parturition can a female mouse enter estrus?

A

24 hours

125
Q

Whitten effect

A

when a group of female mice are exposed
to a male, the majority of the females will
enter estrus on the third night

126
Q

Bruce effect

A

pregnant female will terminate
pregnancy if exposed to new male
within 48 hours of original
copulation

127
Q

Rattus Norvegicus Domestica

A

name for a rat

128
Q

Hob

A

intact male ferret

129
Q

Jill

A

intact female ferret

130
Q

Gib

A

neutered male ferret

131
Q

Sprite

A

spayed female ferret

132
Q

Kit

A

young ferret/rabbit

133
Q

Kindling

A

giving birth to ferrets/rabbits

134
Q

Buck

A

intact male rabbit

135
Q

Doe

A

intact female rabbit

136
Q

Lapin

A

neutered male rabbit

137
Q

Herd

A

group of rabbits

138
Q

Cavy/Cavia

A

guinea pig

139
Q

Boar

A

intact male guinea pig

140
Q

Sow

A

intact female guinea pig

141
Q

Murine

A

mice

142
Q

Rattus

A

rats

143
Q

Sire

A

intact male mouse/rat

144
Q

Dam

A

intact female mouse/rat

145
Q

Pup

A

young mouse/rat

146
Q

Rabbit dental formula

A

2(I 2/1, C 0/0, P3/2, M 3/3)

exotic animal care (11 decks)

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