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DG2016 - CK 2 > Exodontia > Flashcards

Exodontia Flashcards

1
Q

Which 5 clinical evaluations should be considered when extracting teeth?

A
  • presence of infection
  • restricted mouth opening
  • extent of caries
  • tooth mobility
  • tooth alignment in the arch
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2
Q

What does presence of infection grade 1 indicate?

A

no infection present

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3
Q

What does presence of infection grade 2 indicate?

A

infection confined to alveolar ridge, palate

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4
Q

What does presence of infection grade 3 indicate?

A

moderate soft tissue swelling in low risk area

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5
Q

What does presence of infection grade 4 indicate?

A

space infection unilaterally

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6
Q

What does presence of infection grade 5 indicate?

A

infection spread to bilateral fascial spaces of neck

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7
Q

What does assessment 1 of mouth opening indicate?

A

normal mouth opening

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8
Q

What does assessment 2 of mouth opening indicate?

A

TMJ issues

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9
Q

What does assessment 3 of mouth opening indicate?

A

mouth opening is restricted but adequate for forceps placement

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10
Q

What does assessment 4 of mouth opening indicate?

A

mouth opening inadequate for forceps placement

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11
Q

When assessing extent of caries, what does grade 1 indicate?

A

no caries

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12
Q

When assessing extent of caries, what does grade 2 indicate?

A

decay present but does not influence crown strength

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13
Q

When assessing extent of caries, what does grade 3 indicate?

A

decay involving most of the crown but root intact

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14
Q

When assessing extent of caries, what does grade 4 indicate?

A

tooth decayed below the alveolar bone level

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15
Q

When assessing tooth alignment in arch, what does grade 1 indicate?

A

one or both adjacent teeth missing

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16
Q

When assessing tooth alignment, what does grade 2 indicate?

A

tooth in normal arch

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17
Q

When assessing tooth alignment, what does grade 3 indicate?

A

tooth malposed but can be grasped by forceps

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18
Q

When assessing tooth alignment, what does grade 4 indicate?

A

tooth in linguoversion

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19
Q

What does grade 2 relationship to sinus indicate?

A

low risk - roots below surface floor

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20
Q

What does grade 3 relationship to sinus indicate?

A

medium risk - sinus extends into furcation but bone visible around roots

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21
Q

What does grade 4 relationship to sinus indicate?

A

high risk - sinus surrounds apices of root

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22
Q

What are 7 indications for an extraction?

A
  • pulpal pathology
  • perio
  • orthodontics
  • trauma
  • impaction
  • pathology (cysts, tumours)
23
Q

Which type of NHS consent form is the following?
- patient agreement to investigation or treatment

A

form 1

24
Q

Which type of NHS consent form is the following?
- parental agreement to investigation or treatment for a child or young person

A

form 2

25
Q

Which type of NHS consent form is the following?
- patient/parental agreement to investigation or treatment (procedures where consciousness is impaired)

A

form 3

26
Q

Which type of NHS consent form is the following?
- healthcare professionals for adults who are unable to consent to investigation or treatment

A

form 4

27
Q

To give informed consent, a patient must be what 3 things?

A
  • over 16 years of age
  • mentally competent to understand and judge the implications of the decision
  • allowed to make the decision, without pressure of time and away from the environment in which treatment will be performed
28
Q

What are the 4 steps of an extraction?

A
  • application
  • dilation
  • disengagement
  • restoration
29
Q

What are 3 uses of elevators?

A
  • to luxate tooth
  • to remove fractured or carious tooth
  • to remove fractured root
30
Q

What is a medical consideration for patients with controlled hypertension?

A

postural hypotension

31
Q

When treating a patient with a cardio medical condition, what 4 considerations should be made regarding dental treatment?

A
  • treat late morning or early afternoon (endogenous adrenaline levels are lower)
  • short apps
  • no treatment within 6 months of MI
  • limit LA to 2-3 cartridges using aspiration (LA not contraindicated)
32
Q

Which 2 medications should be avoided in a patient with asthma?

A
  • aspirin
  • NSAIDs
33
Q

What is the therapeutic range for an INR?

A

2-3

34
Q

When treating a patient with a haemostasis condition, what 3 considerations should be made regarding dental treatment?

A
  • use local measures routinely
  • avoid NSAIDs
  • INR should be checked day of or day before surgery
35
Q

Which 3 antibiotics should be avoided in patients with liver disease due to hepatotoxicity?

A
  • erythromycin
  • tetracycline
  • metronidazole
36
Q

Which drugs should be avoided in patient with liver disease due to increased risk of haemorrhage?

A

NSAIDs

37
Q

Which 2 drugs should be avoided in patients with renal disease due to nephrotoxicity?

A
  • aspirin
  • NSAIDs
38
Q

When treating a patient with diabetes, what 2 considerations should be made regarding dental treatment?

A
  • apps should be early in the day to avoid interfering with mealtimes
  • glucose levels should be checked prior to surgery (safe range 5-15 mmol/L)
39
Q

Which drugs have the risk of medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw?

A

bisphosphonates

40
Q

What is the definition of medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw?

A
  • exposed necrotic bone
  • persistent >8 weeks
  • history of taking putative drugs
  • no history of radiation therapy
41
Q

What are 7 symptoms of medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw?

A
  • delayed healing following extraction or surgery
  • pain
  • infection
  • swelling
  • exposed bone
  • paraesthesia
  • numbness
42
Q

Which disease increases the risk of necrosis of the jaw?

A

pagets disease

43
Q

What are 3 examples of bisphosphonates commonly used?

A
  • alendronic acid
  • zoledronic acid
  • risedronate sodium
44
Q

The symptoms of which complication following XLA is the following?
- blood clot fails to form or is dislodged
- symptoms 1-3 days post op
- very painful
- oral malodour

A

dry socket (alveolar osteitis)

45
Q

What are 3 potential reasons for an inability to move the tooth during XLA?

A
  • bulbous or diverging roots
  • very long roots
  • ankylosis or sclerotic bone
46
Q

What is a rare complication when extracting primary teeth?

A

removal of a permanent tooth germ
–> extraction of a deciduous molar with apical infection which causes the permanent premolar tooth germ to become attached by fibrous tissue to the periodontal membrane of the overlying tooth

47
Q

What are 3 potential causes of excessive bleeding post XLA?

A
  • tissue damage
  • hemorrhagic disease
  • infection
48
Q

Adequate haemostasis is dependent upon which 3 factors?

A
  • vessel wall integrity
  • adequate numbers of platelets
  • adequate levels of clotting factors
49
Q

What are 4 potential causes of post operative pain following XLA?

A
  • root stump
  • sequestrum
  • trismus
  • hematoma
50
Q

What are 4 potential reasons for delayed healing of XLA wounds?

A
  • infection
  • prolonged bleeding
  • radiotherapy
  • immunodeficiency
51
Q

What is the percentage of incidence of dry socket?

A

3% of all extractions

52
Q

What are 4 potential symptoms of a oroantral communication?

A
  • salty taste
  • change in smell
  • air into mouth when blowing nose
  • reflux fluids, even food
53
Q

What is the post op advice given for oroantral communication?

A
  • no nose blowing
  • antibiotics
  • nasal decongestants
  • no smoking
54
Q

What are the 3 components of an antral regime?

A
  • nasal decongestants
  • mucolytic agents
  • antibiotic therapy

DG2016 - CK 2 (10 decks)

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