Exocrine System

Question 1

Endocrine

Answer 1

Secrete hormones

Question 2

Exocrine

Answer 2

Secrete digestive enzymes

Question 3

Digestive enzyme examples and function

Answer 3

Chymothypsin amylase lipase
To hydrolze macromolecules into monomers

Question 4

Pancrease endocrine function

Answer 4

Secrete hormones to regulate blood glucose from islets of langerhans cell group

Question 5

2 types of islets of langerhans cells

Answer 5

B-cells → insulin
A cells → glucagon
Maintain blood glucose levels

Question 6

Concentration of glucose

Answer 6

0.1%

Question 7

4 classes to treat type 2 diabetes

Answer 7

① enhance insulin action in peripheral tissue
② enhance endogenous insulin secretion
③ suppress endogenous glucose protein - Metformin
④ delay absorption of carbohydrates in gl tract

Question 8

Example of treatment t class

Answer 8

Metformin
Suppress endogenous glucose production

Question 9

Symptoms of diabetes -8

Answer 9

Increased blood glucose
High urine glucose concentration
Increased wine volume
Thirst
Fatigue
Weight loss
Ketones in urine and breath
Hypertension

Question 10

Exocrine examples

Answer 10

Sweat glands, salivary glands, lachrymal,

Question 11

Which system does endocrine work with

Answer 11

Nervous

Question 12

Hyperglycemia

Question 13

Hypoglycemia

Question 14

Increased blood glucose

Answer 14

Without insulin or ineffective insulin receptors glucose isn’t transported into cells

Question 15

High glucose in urine

Answer 15

High glucose infiltrate so the proximal et cannot take all in so it excreted

Question 16

Increase urine volume

Answer 16

+ glucose concentration in nephron causes osmotic pressure (hypertonicity) of filtrate to nephron
Inhibit h20 reabsorption

Question 17

Thirst

Answer 17

High solute increases osmotic pressure which draws h20 out
Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus detect drop in plasma osmitarity >295 mOS = thirst

Question 18

Fatigue

Answer 18

Without glucose = no cellular respintion= less energy

Question 19

Weigh loss

Answer 19

Glucose not used so triglycerides and proteins oxidized to provide chemical potential chemical instead

Question 20

Ketones in urine and breath

Answer 20

Acetone byproduct of metabolism of fatty acids

Question 21

Hypertension
Not done

Answer 21

High osmotic pressure = high glucose in blood

Question 22

Aldosterone

Answer 22

Adrenal gland - in adrenal cortex
Distal convoluted tubule
Creating Na channels to allow UN and water reabsorption

Question 23

Adrenaline

Answer 23

Fight or flight response which causes glycogen to be released which hydrolyses at liver and muscle cells to became glucose to increase glucoselevels which give you more energy

Liver and muscle cells
Adrenal medulla

Question 24

Thyroxine

Answer 24

Thypoidgland to increase metabolism to create heat it cold
Body cells

Question 25

Glucagon

Answer 25

A-cells of islet of langerhans impancrease
Liver and skeletal muscle cells
Binds and glucagon triggers glycogen which hydrolyses into glucose

Question 26

Oxytocin

Answer 26

Posterior pituitary
Uterine walls, lactiferous ducts in mammary glands
Uterine contractions → release milk

Question 27

Cortisol

Answer 27

Adrenal cortex
Multiple organs
Adaptation to long term stress

Question 28

Testosterone

Answer 28

Interstitial cells of leydig in testes
Seminiferous tubule cells in the testes
Production of sperm

Question 29

Which form can hormones take?

Answer 29

Amines, peptides, proteins, steroids