Exocrine System Flashcards
Endocrine
Secrete hormones
Exocrine
Secrete digestive enzymes
Digestive enzyme examples and function
Chymothypsin amylase lipase
To hydrolze macromolecules into monomers
Pancrease endocrine function
Secrete hormones to regulate blood glucose from islets of langerhans cell group
2 types of islets of langerhans cells
B-cells → insulin
A cells → glucagon
Maintain blood glucose levels
Concentration of glucose
0.1%
4 classes to treat type 2 diabetes
① enhance insulin action in peripheral tissue
② enhance endogenous insulin secretion
③ suppress endogenous glucose protein - Metformin
④ delay absorption of carbohydrates in gl tract
Example of treatment t class
Metformin
Suppress endogenous glucose production
Symptoms of diabetes -8
Increased blood glucose
High urine glucose concentration
Increased wine volume
Thirst
Fatigue
Weight loss
Ketones in urine and breath
Hypertension
Exocrine examples
Sweat glands, salivary glands, lachrymal,
Which system does endocrine work with
Nervous
Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Increased blood glucose
Without insulin or ineffective insulin receptors glucose isn’t transported into cells
High glucose in urine
High glucose infiltrate so the proximal et cannot take all in so it excreted
Increase urine volume
+ glucose concentration in nephron causes osmotic pressure (hypertonicity) of filtrate to nephron
Inhibit h20 reabsorption
Thirst
High solute increases osmotic pressure which draws h20 out
Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus detect drop in plasma osmitarity >295 mOS = thirst
Fatigue
Without glucose = no cellular respintion= less energy
Weigh loss
Glucose not used so triglycerides and proteins oxidized to provide chemical potential chemical instead
Ketones in urine and breath
Acetone byproduct of metabolism of fatty acids
Hypertension
Not done
High osmotic pressure = high glucose in blood
Aldosterone
Adrenal gland - in adrenal cortex
Distal convoluted tubule
Creating Na channels to allow UN and water reabsorption
Adrenaline
Fight or flight response which causes glycogen to be released which hydrolyses at liver and muscle cells to became glucose to increase glucoselevels which give you more energy
Liver and muscle cells
Adrenal medulla
Thyroxine
Thypoidgland to increase metabolism to create heat it cold
Body cells
Glucagon
A-cells of islet of langerhans impancrease
Liver and skeletal muscle cells
Binds and glucagon triggers glycogen which hydrolyses into glucose
Oxytocin
Posterior pituitary
Uterine walls, lactiferous ducts in mammary glands
Uterine contractions → release milk
Cortisol
Adrenal cortex
Multiple organs
Adaptation to long term stress
Testosterone
Interstitial cells of leydig in testes
Seminiferous tubule cells in the testes
Production of sperm
Which form can hormones take?
Amines, peptides, proteins, steroids
