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unit 6: microanatomy > Exocrine Glands > Flashcards

Exocrine Glands Flashcards

1
Q

How do exocrine glands develop?

A

Develop as invaginations of surface epithelium (connective tissue induction)

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2
Q

How do glands connect to the surface?

A

Via ducts

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3
Q

What is the structural organization of exocrine glands?

A

Secretory portions and conducting portions

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the conducting portion of the gland?

A

Modify secretory products by absorption

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5
Q

Describe the secretory portion of exocrine glands:

A

Acinar or tubular

Branched or unbranched

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6
Q

What is an acinus?

A

Berry like cluster of cells with a central lumen

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7
Q

Can the conducting portion have secretory function?

A

Yes, in some glands

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8
Q

Is the conducting portion of exocrine glands branched or unbranched?

A

Both

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9
Q

What are the three classifications of exocrine glands?

A

Single cell glands
Simple glands
Compound glands

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10
Q

Describe the secretory/ conducting portions of the simple glands:

A

Single unbranched duct

Secretory portion can be branched or unbranched

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11
Q

Describe the secretory/ conducting portions of the compound glands:

A

Multiple branched ducts

Secretory portion can be acinar, tubular or tubuloacinar

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12
Q

What are the types of secretions?

A

Holocrine, Apocrine, Merocrine

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13
Q

Describe holocrine secretion and give an example:

A

Lysis of cells filled with secretory product

Example: Sebaceous glands of skin

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14
Q

Describe apocrine secretion and give an example:

A

Shedding of apical cell segment filled with secretory product

Example: Mammary glands

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15
Q

Describe merocrine secretion and give an example:

A

Exocytosis of proteins/ glycoproteins

Example: Sweat glands, salivary glands

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16
Q

What are the cell types in the glandular epithelium of merocrine glands?

A

Serous cells, mucous cells, myoepithelial cells

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17
Q

Which merocrine gland cells stain well with H & E?

A

Serous cells stain well…Mucous cells do not stain well

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18
Q

What merocrine gland cells can be stained with PAS stain?

A

Mucous cells

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19
Q

In serous cells and mucous cells, what is in the basal portion and what is in the apical portion?

A

Basal: RER and Golgi

Apical: secretory vesilces

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20
Q

In the glandular epithelium of merocrine glands, where are myoepithelial cells?

A

Found between basal lamina and secretory or duct cells

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21
Q

Which cells have actomyosin rich processes that surround epithelial cells?

A

Myoepithelial cells

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22
Q

How are ions and fluids transported across glandular epithelium?

A

Ion channels and pumps

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23
Q

What type of glands are goblet cells?

A

Unicellular glands

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24
Q

What areas are goblet cells found in?

A

Small intestine and respiratory epithelium of the trachea

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25
What are three examples of multicellular simple glands?
Sebaceous glands Eccrine sweat glands Apocrine sweat glands
26
Describe sebaceous glands:
Simple branched acinar glands that are a pear shaped accumulation of cells
27
What type of secretion do sebaceous glands have?
Holocrine
28
Hoe doe sebocytes form?
Basal layer of cells that proliferates and different into seboytes
29
What clinical condition is associated with increased sebaceous gland activity?
Acne Hair follicle becomes plugged and skin bacteria break sebum into free fatty acid. Fatty acids cause irritation and inflammation which attracts neutrophils
30
What type of secretion do eccrine sweat glands have?
Merocrine
31
Where are eccrine glands found?
the dermis
32
Describe eccrine glands:
Simple, coiled tubular glands
33
What is the function of eccrine glands?
Thermoregulation and excretory
34
What are the cell types in the secretory coil of eccrine glands?
Pale cells, Dark cells, myoepithelial cells
35
What is the function of pale cells?
Secrete fluid
36
What is the function of dark cells?
Secrete proteins
37
Which cells possess microvilli and inctraceluar caniculi....dark or pale?
pale
38
What is the function of sweat ducts?
Reabsorb Na+ and Cl-
39
Where are apocrine sweat ducts located?
Axillsry, areolar and perianal regions
40
Which type of glands are associated with hair shafts?
Apocrine
41
Describe apocrine glands:
Simple coiled glands with large lumen
42
What type of secretion do apocrine glands have?
Merocrine secretion
43
Which glands secret pheromones?
apocrine
44
What stimulates apocrine glands?
Adrenergic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system
45
What are two examples of multicellular compound glands?
Salivary glands Exocrine pancreas
46
What are the functions of saliva?
Moisten and lubricate, initiate digestion of carbohydrates, immune defense (Lysozyme, lactoferrin and sIgA)
47
What is found in the connectve tissue stroma contain?
Capillary plexi, nerves that control secretion, lymphocytes and plasma cells
48
What does the parenchyma of salivary glands contain?
secretory acini/ tubules, intercalated ducts and intralobular ducts
49
What type of cells are found in the acini of salivary glands?
Serous cells, mucous cells, and myoepithelial cells
50
What doe the serous cells of salivary gland acini secrete and absorb?
Secrete sIGA and bicarb Absorb Cl-
51
How big are intralobular ducts?
greater than 6 cells in circumference
52
What are intercalated discs?
Small (4-6 cells in circumfrence) connections that connect the secretory portion to the intralobular ducts
53
What type of epithelium is found in intralobular ducts?
simple columnar epithelium
54
Describe the flow of secretions from salivary glands:
1- Acini 2- intercalated ducts 3- intralobular ducts 4- interlobular ducts
55
What type of epithelium does interlobular ducts have?
stratified cuboidal to columnar
56
How is sIGA secreted in salivary secretions?
Plasma cells secrete IgA Serous cells and intralobular duct cells produce IgA receptors Transcytosis of IgA into lumen of gland Proteolysis produces sIgA
57
What are the three salivary glands?
Submandibular gland, parotid gland, sublingual gland
58
Describe the type of gland the submandibular gland is?
Compound tuboacinar gland
59
What type of acini do submandibular glands have?
Serous and mucous acini with some mixed acini with serous demilunes
60
What type of intralobular ducts do submandibular glands have?
striated intralobular ducts
61
Describe the type of gland the parotid gland is?
compound acinar gland
62
What does parotid glands secrete?
amylase and other proteins
63
What does submandibular glands secrete?
Proteins (namely lysozyme)
64
Descrive the intercalated ducts and intralobular ducts of parotid glands:
Intercalated ducts are long and intralobular ducts are striated
65
What type of acini do parotid glands have?
serous acini
66
Describe the type of gland the sublingal gland is?
compound tuboacinar gland
67
What type of acini do sublingual glands have?
Musous acini with some mixed acini with serous demilunes
68
Describe the intralobular ducts of sublingual ducts:
Not striated
69
Reduced function of salivary glands can lead to....
Dental caries, oral mucosa atrophy and speech difficulties
70
Describe salivary tumors:
80% are benign 65% of the benign tumors are pleiomorphic adenomas that lead to the accumulation of cartilage like material produced by myoepithelial cells
71
What type of gland is the exocrine pancreas?
compound acinar gland
72
What do the septa of the exocrine pancreas contain?
Blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and ducts
73
What do the secretory products of the exocrine pancreas contain?
Digestive enzymes (lipases, nucleases, amylases) Bicarb (to neutralize stomach acid)
74
What is a diagnostic feature of the pancreas?
Islets of Langerhans
75
What is found in the apical half of exocrine pancreas serous acini cells?
Zymogenic granules
76
What stimulates the secretion of exocrine pancreas serous acini?
CCK
77
What type of cells produce bicarb in the exocrine pancreas?
Intercalated duct cells, intralobular duct cells and interlobular duct cells
78
What is representative of the ENDOCRIN pancreas?
The islets of langerhans cells
79
What is an aenocarcinoma?
malignant tumors of glandular epithelia some of the most common tumors in adults

unit 6: microanatomy (5 decks)

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