Exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas Flashcards
exocrine pancreas makes up how much
95-98%
most common cell type in the islet of langerhans
beta cell then alpha delta pancreatic polypeptide epsilon cells
Pancreatitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the pancreas. When the pancreas is inflamed, the powerful digestive enzymes it makes can damage its tissue. The inflamed pancreas can cause release of inflammatory cells and toxins that may harm your lungs, kidneys and heart too.
acute pancreatitis can be caused by gallstones blocking the pancreatic duct whereas in chronic pancreatitis glalltones and claficiation in dilated pancreatic duct. what are the direct causes o pancreatitis
autoimmune
pancreatic or gallbladder damage
excessive fat
hypercalcemia
indirect causes of pancreatitis
alcohol abuse
CF
viral infections
mediicne
symptoms of pancreatitis
abdominal pain - worse after meals
nausea
diarrhoea
how do we diagnose pancreatitis
blood test - leaking enzymes
scan such as US, CT or MRI
treatment fro pancreatitis
IV fluids, NSAIDs and antibiotics
surgery - correct the ducts and remove image tissue and drain fluid
diet and lifestyle changes
Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) is a condition which occurs when the pancreas does not make enough of a specific enzyme the body uses to digest food in the small intestine. The pancreas is a glandular organ. That means the pancreas secretes juices that maintain the proper function of the body.
what are the causes
Pancreatitis Cystic Fibrosis Pancreatic tumours Celiac disease Inflammatory bowel disease Bariatric surgery HIV/AIDS Genetic and congenital causes
cystic fibrosis related diabetes
how is it diagnosis
gold standard is oral glucose tolerance test
fasting glucose
HbAlc
continuous glucose monitoring
how do we treat CFRD
insulin therapy icnretins pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy diet change different to T1DM and T2DM exercise
pancreatic f cells secrete what
pancreatic polypeptide
what does pancreatic polypeptide do
Its secretion is stimulated by eating, exercising, and fasting. It can inhibit gallbladder contraction and pancreatic exocrine secretion, but its role in the metabolism of nutrients is uncertain.
pancreatic acing cell secrete what
amylase
glycogenolysis
glycogen to glucose
a higher BMI indicates that cystic fibrosis is less severe
true
gastrin directly stimulates secretion of what
hydrochloric acid
glycogenisis
glucose to glycogen
how is exocrine pancreatic insufficiency EPI managed or treated
PERT - pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy - missing digestive enzymes
high calorie high fat diet - fat helps body absorb nutrients
vitamins - ADEK - fat soluble nutrients
function of acinar cells
make store and secrete digestive enzymes
duct cells
ion transport of bicarbonate and water
centroacinar cells
progenitor cells that secrete carbonic anhydrase - between the acing and duct cells
pancreatic stellate cells
regulate matrix production and are the biggest storage of vitamin A
5 cells is the islet of langerhans
beta, alpha delta , pancreatic polypeptide ( f cells) and epsilon cells ( secrete gherlin the hunger hormone).
what is HbA1c
The A1C test—also known as the hemoglobin A1C or HbA1c test—is a simple blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 3 months
gold standard for cystic fibrosis related diabetes
oral glucose tolerance test
how does CFRD
festive CFTR gene cause thick and viscous secretions causing ductal obstruction which leads to inflammation. both these things casue pancreatic insufficiency which causes fat malabsorption and therefore decrease incretin signalling and undernutrition.
undernutrion along with infection causes insulin resistance which causes CFRD.
inflammation along with ER stress causes beta cells dysfunction and beta cell loss and with decreased incretin signalling causes insulin insufficiency.
