Clinical anatomy and embryology of the pancreas Flashcards
what are the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas
The pancreas has two main functions: an exocrine function that helps in digestion and an endocrine function that regulates blood sugar.
what are the 3 primary embryonic germ layers
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
What embryonic developmental process leads to the formation of the three primary germ layers?
gastrulation
What are the structures derived from the primary embryonic endodermal germ layer?
The main derivative of the endodermal germ layer is the epithelial lining of the Gastrointestinal Tract including the pharynx.
It also forms:
the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract, the urinary bladder and urethra, and the tympanic cavity and auditory tube.
the parenchyma (secretory tissues cells) of the thyroid, parathyroid, liver, and pancreas
what are the walls of the GIT smooth muscles and other connective tissues are derived from the
mesoderm.
the foregut Extends from the mouth to the point where the what enters the duodenum
hepatopancreatic ampulla enters the duodenum
at the 2nd part of the duodenum what becomes what
foregut and midgut
where does the midgut extend from
Extends from the point where the hepatopancreatic ampulla enters the duodenum to the junction between the proximal 2/3 and the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon.
where does the midgut become hindgut
2/3 along transverse colon
the hindgut extends from where to where
Extends from the junction between the proximal 2/3 and the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon to the anus.
exocrine enzymes
chymotrypsin amylase trypsin lipase nuclease
the pancreas if formed by two buds from the endodermal lining of the duodenum what are they
dorsal pancreatic bud
ventral pancreatic bud ( out pocket of th bile duct) - this also has the liver bud on It
the gut rotates and the dorsal pancreatic bud moves to the right and ventral bud moves dorsally ( duodenum flops over)
the ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the lower part of the dorsal pancreatic bud and lies post-inf. The ventral pancreatic bud forms the what of the pancreas
uncinate process
the rest of the pancreas is formed by what
as well as the the main pancreatic duct
dorsal pancreatic bud
proximal part of the duct may persist as what
accessory pancreatic duct