Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 2 LAB > Exercises 4,5,6 > Flashcards

Exercises 4,5,6 Flashcards

1
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

P-Q Interval

A

Beginning of p wave until the beginning of the Q wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the normal interval time for P-Q? What does it mean if the time is longer?

A

.12 >.20

heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a heart block?

A

cardiac damage to the AV node or AV bundle. Reduced conduction from atria to ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a complete heart block?

A

results in the ventricles depolarizing independently from the atria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarization/Atrial depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the normal interval for the QRS? What happens if it is longer?

A

.06-.10

a right or left bundle branch block- ventricles do not contract simultaneously.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S-T Segment

A

end of S to the beginning of T, ventricules fully depolarized.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T wave

A

ventricular depolarization + isovolumetric ventricular relaxation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Q-T interval

A

start of Q to the end of the T wave: beginning of ventricular depolarization until end of ventricular repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the normal interval for Q-T? What happens if it is longer?

A

.31-.41

Ventricles contracting slower, heart rate increases, ventricles contracting faster: myocardial damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Relaxation Period

A

end of T-wave to start of next P-wave: period of electrical inactivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

60-100 beats/min

A

normal sinus rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

100beats/min

A

tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

<60beats/min

A

bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prolonged tachycardia can develop into _____

A

fibrillation, rapid uncoordinated heart contractions that do not pump blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you solve for heart rate?

A
  1. (number of squares) x .04sec
  2. Divide by 60.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Atrioventricular block

A

blockage in the wiring of bundles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lying down has a ____ heart rate compared to sitting up

A

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the MEA correspond to?

A

the average direction of depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypertrophy

A

ventricle shifts the MEA toward the hypertrophied ventricle bc it takes longer to depolarize.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can cause hypertrophy?

A

narrowing of the aortic semilunar valve in the left ventricle

narrowing of the pulmonary semilunar valve in the right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens if there is a conduction block in one of the branches of the AV bundle?

A

depolarization will be much slower.

24
Q

What happens if there is a conduction block in the left ventricle?

A

depolarization will occur more slowly in the left ventricle than the right, causing the MEA to deviate to the left.

25
Q

Primary lymphoid tissues

A

bone marrow + thymus

26
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs and tissues

A

lymph nodes, spleen, tonsil, appendix, MALT

27
Q

Dolor

A

signs of inflamed tissue

28
Q

tumor

A

swelling

29
Q

rubur

A

redness

30
Q

calor

A

warmness

31
Q

histamine does what to blood vessels

A

opens them up

32
Q

Tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the palatine tonsils in the pharynx`

33
Q

Know anatomical terms to designate where lymph nodes are

A

axillary, cervical, inguinal, lumbar

34
Q

innate immunity

A

nonspecific
person is born with it (Macrophages, natural killer cells, neutrophils)

35
Q

adaptive immunity

A

specific
T/B cells

36
Q

Cell-mediated immunity

A

production of T cells that bind and destroy infected cells

37
Q

antibody-mediated-immunity

A

antibody production by B cells

38
Q

When exposed to an infection for the first time,

A

IgM concentration is higher than IgG.

The second time IgG concentration will be higher.

39
Q

How can HIV spread?

A

exchange of body fluids
sharing needles
blood transfusion

40
Q

HIV symptoms

A

flu-like symptoms in 1-2 months,
during asymptomatic period, immune system declines, lack of energy,
AIDS: shortness of breath, severe/persistent diarrhea.

41
Q

HIV diagnosis

A

ELISA

42
Q

HIV Treatment

A

nucleoside reverse transcriptase, protease inhibitors, combination drug treatments

43
Q

After ELISA, if the solution is blue that means

A

the person has the disease

44
Q

How does ELISA work?

A
45
Q

Green tube (AG) contains

A

HIV proteins

46
Q

Violet tube contains

A

serum from HIV negative patient spiked with HIV antibodies

47
Q

Blue tube

A

serum from HIV negative patient

48
Q

Orange tube (SA)

A

second antibodies

49
Q

Brown tube

A

substate

50
Q

How does emphysema affect gas exchange between the lungs and capillaries?

A

Decreased amount of alveoli reduces gas exchange; less compliance

51
Q

Pneumothorax

A

collapse of the entire lung due to air leaking into the pleural space.

52
Q

Atelectasis

A

only a portion of the lung collapses due to alveoli not being able to inflate properly. Can be due to a blockage in air passageways, low airflow, or scarring.

53
Q

Pulmozyme is a ____ that helps to

A

DNAase, chops up leftover debris from bacteria + dead lung cells.

54
Q

Why do cystic fibrosis patients get frequent bacterial infections in the lungs?

A

mucous buildup- traps pathogens from air.

55
Q

Mucus helps pathogens not get to the lungs by

A

bringing it up the trachea, pharynx

56
Q

What procedure allows for air passage around a blocked trachea?

A

A&P 2 LAB (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions